都市垃圾焚化底渣資源化處理之研究

The Study on Resource Recovery from Bottom Ash of Municipal Waste by Combustion

胡紹華(Hu Shao-Hua) ； 蔡敏行(Tsai Min-Shing)

《鑛冶：中國鑛冶工程學會會刊》 42卷4期 (1998/12) Pp. 83-96

https://doi.org/10.30069/MM.199812_42(4).0011

摘要

預計民國89年以後，國內將有22座垃圾焚化廠完工運轉，屆時焚化底渣每年產生量約150萬噸。本研究以資源化之觀點，探討底渣之基本物化特性以及分選性質，利用篩分、磁選及渦電流等方法分選去除重金屬，再以CNS標準測試矽酸渣的骨材性質，檢討供為骨材再利用之可行方向。期能紓減焚化底渣日增急需處理而無掩埋場所之壓力，促成國內環境與資源之永續發展。本研究樣品取自北部某大型都市垃圾焚化處理廠所排出之底渣，其特性分析所得結果如下：底渣外觀呈熔渣狀，含水率為16.8～20.5%，其主要組成物（乾基）為著磁鐵類約有25.1～35.1%，非鐵金屬類約有2.3～8.4%，矽酸渣膠結物約有56.5～70.0%，其抗壓強度皆不大，而且發現多次所取樣品無法符合TCLP試驗規定。若將底渣經乾燥，自體研磨、篩分、磁選、渦電流分選等處理程序，可將底渣所含之重金屬分選去除，使底渣通過TCLP試驗達成無害化。分選後所餘之矽酸渣經抗壓強度、吸水性及健性試驗之測試可符合骨材使用規格，因此可考慮用來作為掩埋場覆土、路基級配的資源及建築用磚瓦的燒結原料等利用，同時分選出之金屬物亦可以分別供為冶煉各類金屬之原料，而將底渣全量資源化。

關鍵字

焚化底渣 ； TCLP試驗 ； 自體研磨 ； 篩分 ； 磁選 ； 渦電流分選 ； 全量資源化

並列摘要

The municipal waste incinerators will product 1,500,000 tons bottom ash after 22 incinerators come into full operation in 2000, A.D. In order to reduce the residue amount of bottom ash, so the research try to understand chemical and physical properties of the residue. And after screening, magnetic separation method, eddy current method, we can get usable aggregate resource which fits the standards of CNS. Above process can decrease effectively the amount of bottom ash and thus domestic environment is not influenced. The Samples of combustion residue from municipal wastes were ohtained from northern Taiwan and their constrituents were determined as the following ranges: water 16.8-20.5%, magmetic material 25.7-35.1% non-ferrous material 2.3-8.4%, and silicate 56.5-70.5. The results of TCLP test show Pb and Zn in samples are harmless beside the third, forth and fifth sampling. We can separate heavy metals from the residue by drying autogenous griding, magnetic separating, and eddy current separating. So we can get harmless residue that passes the tests for aggregate. It can be considered that the residue can be used as cover material, aggregate resource and building material. At the same time, the heavy metals can be separated and provided for metallurgical raw materials. Thus, the target of bottom ash recovery can be achieved completely.

並列關鍵字

Bottom ash ； Magnetic separator ； Eddy current separator ； Recovery