日本紋白蝶（Pieris rapae crucivora）（鱗翅目：粉蝶科）之形態及溫度對其發育之影響

Morphology of Pieris rapae crucivora Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) and the effects of temperatures on its development

鄭秋玪(Cheng, C. L.) ； 許長漢(Shiu, C. H.)

《植物保護學會會刊》 45卷4期 (2003/12) Pp. 271-284

https://doi.org/10.6715/PPB.200312_45(4).0002

摘要

日本紋白蝶（Pieris rapae crucivora Boisduval）在臺灣是粉蝶科中為害十字科蔬菜的重要害蟲種類之一，其寄主植物有3科14種。在光週期12L：12D，相對濕度75±5%之15、20、25與30℃之恆溫生長箱中，以油菜（Brassica campestris）葉片進行飼養。卵期分別為8.2、6.0、3.0、與3.0日，幼蟲期分別為26.9、19.1、14.1與11.4日，蛹期分別為15.8、11.4、8.1與5.9日，成蟲壽命分別為16.4、19.3、7.0與4.1日。雌雄性比（♀：♂）依成蟲羽化數量計為1.1：1。在20、25與30℃三個溫度下，每集雌蟲之產卵量平均分別為64.3±39.6、46.5±49.8與6.3±6.8粒。卵之發育臨界低溫為7.38℃，有效積溫為64.73日度；一至五齡幼蟲之發育臨界低溫分別為9.41、10.96、8.06、5.34與-5.0℃，有效積溫分別為44.91、19.94、28.19、46.04與166.63日度；幼蟲期之發育臨界低溫為4.67℃總體有效積溫為286.52日度；蛹之發育臨界低溫為7.43℃，有效積溫為134.60日度。文中對此蝶各蟲期形態特徵有詳細之描述與圖示。

關鍵字

日本紋白蝶 ； 形態 ； 發育期 ； 有效積溫 ； 油菜

並列摘要

Pieris rapae crucivora Boisduval is one of the important Cruciferae insect pests in Taiwan. Recorded host plants include 14 species in 3 families. The development of P. rapae crucivora was investigated at 4 constant temperatures and 75 %±5 % RH with a 12L: 12D photoperiod using leaves of Brassica campestris. At 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C, the egg stage required 8.2, 6.0, 3.0, and 3.0 days; larval development took 26.9, 19.1, 14.1, and 11.4 days; and pupal development took 15.8, 11.4, 8.1, and 5.9 days, respectively. Adults had longevities of 16.4, 19.3, 7.0, and 4.1 days from 15 to 30 °C. A sex ratio of 1.1: 1 (♀: ♂) was estimated by the number of adults which emerged. Numbers of eggs laid by a female at 20, 25 and 30 °C were 64.3±39.6, 46.5±49.8, and 6.3±6.8, respectively. The threshold of development temperature and the effective accumulated temperature for the egg stage were 7.38 °C and 64.73 degree-days (DD). The temperature of the development threshold for the first- to the fifth-instar larvae were estimated to be 9.41, 10.96, 8.06, 5.34, and -5.0 °C, respectively, while the sums of the effective accumulated temperature were 44.91, 19.94, 28.19, 46.04, and 166.63 DD, respectively. For larvae, the threshold temperature was 4.67 °C, and the effective accumulated temperature was 286.50 DD. For the pupal stage, the threshold temperature was 7.43 °C, and the effective accumulated temperature was 134.60 DD. The external morphology at each stage for this butterfly is also described and illustrated in the paper.

並列關鍵字

Pieris rapae crucivora ； morphology ； development period ； effective accumulated temperature ； Brassica campestris