關刀溪森林生態系之臺灣榕物候

Phenology of Ficus Formsana Maxim. at Guandaushi Forest Ecosystem

曾喜育(Hsy-Yu Tzeng) ； 曾麗蓉(Li-Jung Tseng) ； 歐辰雄(Chern-Hsiung Ou) ； 呂福原(Fu-Yuan Lu)

《中華林學季刊》 38卷4期 (2005/12) Pp. 377-395

https://doi.org/10.30064/QJCF.200512.0001

摘要

本研究探討關刀溪森林生態系臺灣榕物候適應性的表現。臺灣榕之展、落葉呈明顯季節性，葉候模式配合榕果生產有關，展葉完全時期與榕果生產高峰期配合。雌、雄榕果的發育各呈現2種模式，大致與其發育的氣候環境有關：一為指數型，多發生在高溫多雨時期的第一花季；另一為S型，主要發生在低溫乾燥時期的第二花季。比較相同時段的榕果比較發現，雄榕果所需完成發育的時間較雌榕果長。臺灣榕雌、雄榕果之生產模式相似，皆呈現連續性的雙峰分布，但兩者在時序上呈現性別分化。雌榕果量僅與氣溫呈正相關，雄榕果生產則對氣溫、降水呈正相關。雖然C期及E期的雌榕果量與降水呈負相關，但由實驗室中臺灣榕種子高發芽率，以及野外觀察種子發芽情形得知，關刀溪森林生態系之臺灣榕種子實生苗更新及建立應可持續。本研究並呼籲臺灣榕的藥用採集應以扦插苗之繁殖材料為主，避免野外族群採集，以維持臺灣榕族群，確保臺灣榕與臺灣榕小蜂之授粉共生關係。

關鍵字

臺灣榕小蜂 ； 臺灣榕 ； 關刀溪森林生態系 ； 物候 ； 授粉共生生態 ； 性別分化 ； 榕果發育

並列摘要

The present study investigated the phenology of Ficus formosana Maxim. At Guandaushi Forest Ecosystem. The leaf phenology showed seasonal changes and correlated with syconium production. Two syconium development models of both genders, exponential model and S growth model, were correlated with the climate. The former developed during the high temperature and raining seasons, while, the latter developed during low temperature and dry seasons. In addition, developmental period of male syconia were longer than those of female. Male and female syconium production models both have two-peak distribution but differentiate chronologically. Male syconium production was positively correlated with the amount of rainfall and temperature, while female syconium production was positively related to temperature only. Based on the high seed germination rate and the field germination situation, the regeneration and establishment of F. formosana at Guandaushi forest should be able to maintain, although the production of C phase and mature phase in female syconia were negatively related to rainfall. In this study, we suggest that the collection of F. Formosan for medicinal using should be directed to stem cuttage in the nursery instead of natural collecting, in order to maintain the fig tree population. This will further ensure the pollination-symbiosis ecology between F. formosana and its species-specific pollinator, Blastophaga taiwanensis.

並列關鍵字

Blastophaga taiwanensis ； Ficus formosana ； Guandaushi forest ecosystem ； Phenology ； Pollination-symbiosis ecology ； Sexual differentiation ； Syconia development