葉片解剖學特徵對伽羅木醇型土肉桂葉子精油萃取速率影響之探討

Effect of Leaf Anatomical Characteristics on Rapid Extraction of Essential Oil from "Cinnamomum Osmophloeum" ct. Linalool

鄭秉和(Bing-Ho Cheng) ； 張育銘(Yu-Ming Chang) ； 黃玲瓏(Ling-Long Kuo-Huang) ； 張上鎮(Shang-Tzen Chang)

《中華林學季刊》 46卷4期 (2013/12) Pp. 521-530

摘要

伽羅木醇型土肉桂（＂Cinnamomum osmophloeum＂ ct. linalool）為臺灣特有的土肉桂6種化學品系之一，分布於屏東縣里龍山中低海拔區域。本研究為瞭解伽羅木醇型土肉桂葉子精油含量較豐富以及所需萃取時間較短之原因，乃比較伽羅木醇型與肉桂醛型土肉桂葉子的外部形態與內部解剖構造，並特別探討二者油質細胞之差異。由葉子外部特徵觀察之結果顯示，伽羅木醇型土肉桂葉子較小，並有波浪狀的皺褶，而葉片表面特徵則與肉桂醛型土肉桂相似。直接觀察經60 min水蒸餾萃取後的葉子，伽羅木醇型土肉桂葉片透光的白點明顯增加較多，利用掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察其葉子表面蠟質較容易被100 ˚C熱水破壞。利用光學顯微鏡觀察葉部切片結果顯示，伽羅木醇型土肉桂葉子含有較多可儲存精油的油質細胞，且其葉片厚度及葉肉細胞間隙均較肉桂醛型土肉桂大。綜合上述結果得知，伽羅木醇型土肉桂葉子之結構特殊，容易萃取較多的精油，因此可作為S-(+)-Linalool之來源，非常值得開發應用。

關鍵字

伽羅木醇型土肉桂 ； 葉子 ； 精油 ； 油質細胞 ； 葉面蠟質 ； 光學顯微鏡 ； 掃描式電子顯微鏡

並列摘要

Cinnamomum osmophloeum ct. linalool is one of the chemotypes of indigenous cinnamon in Taiwan. It is distributed in areas of low and mid elevation of Lilung Mountain in Pingtung. The essential oil from ＂C. osmophloeum＂ ct. Iinalool leaf is in abundance and could be readily extracted by hydrodistillation. However, little information is available about leaf structural characteristics of ＂C. osmophloeum＂ associated with their essential oil content and release speeds during extraction. In this study, anatomical features of leaves from ＂C. osmophloeum＂ ct. linalool and ＂C. osmophloeum＂ ct. cinnamaldehyde were examined and illustrated by light microscope and scanning electron microscopy. The differences of oil cell between these two plant leaves were also compared. Result revealed that morphology of these two kinds of leaves were highly similar, except that ＂C. osmophloeum＂ ct. linalool leaf was smaller and sinuate. After 60 min hydrodistillation, empty point in ＂C. osmophloeum＂ ct. linalool leaf increased more than the other. In addition, ＂C. osmophloeum＂ ct. linalool leaf had higher oil cell density for the storage of more essential oil. Its leaf thickness and intercellular space were both more massive than those of ＂C. osmophloeum＂ ct. cinnamaldehyde leaf. Besides, leaf wax structure of ＂C. osmophloeum＂ ct. Iinalool was more easily destroyed by 100˚C water treatment. In summary, ＂C. osmophloeum＂ ct. linalool leaf had numerous contents of essential oil and S-(+)-Linalool, and it could be completely obtained by hydrodistillation quickly due to its characteristics of leaf structure. These results can provide useful information for future study on the applications of ＂C. osmophloeum＂ ct. linalool leaves to be used as a source for natural health products with anxiolytic activity.

並列關鍵字

"Cinnamomum osmophloeum" ct. linalool ； leaf ； essential oil ； oil cell ； leaf wax ； light microscope ； scanning electron microscope