農作物保險的個體實證分析－以臺灣水稻保險為例

Micro-Level Analysis of a Crop Insurance Program: A Case Study of Rice Insurance in Taiwan

曾勤予(Chin-Yu Tseng) ； 張宏浩(Hung-Hao Chang)

《台灣農學會報》 20卷2期 (2020/04) Pp. 126-149

https://doi.org/10.6730/JAAT.202004_20(2).0004

摘要

為有效因應天然災害對於農作物生產之衝擊與保障農民權益，政府近年已極力實行農業作物保險制度。然而農作物保險制度試辦至今投保覆蓋率仍偏低，顯示農民參與農業保險比率有待提升。過去國內外文獻已探討影響農民參與農業保險制度之因素，但較少文獻針對特定農作物保險進行分析，來自臺灣的實證分析更是為數甚少。本研究利用臺灣水稻保險保單資料並應用最小平方法與分量迴歸模型，分析影響稻作農民參與水稻保險程度之因素。研究結果顯示，政府的保險費補助政策以及過去採行的農作物天然災害現金救助，皆對於稻農投保農作物保險程度有顯著正向影響。此外，投保面積亦受到過去參與保險獲得理賠與否所決定；而稻農指揮者年紀與農牧業外工作參與度也對於稻農投保程度有顯著影響。本研究建議政府可對於投保一定規模之稻農提高保費補助比例，以提高水稻保險之覆蓋率；再者，政府可嘗試對理賠基準做定期調整，以避免農民因極端氣候加劇造成嚴重損失。

關鍵字

農業作物保險 ； 水稻保險 ； 保險費補助 ； 天然災害救助政策

並列摘要

The impact of extreme weather on Taiwan's agriculture is becoming serious. To mitigate the impact of natural disasters on crop production and farmer wellbeing, the government has switched from a natural disaster relief system to an agricultural crop insurance system. However, the coverage of farms by the crop insurance program is still low. Previous studies have focused on the factors that are associated with farmers' participation in agricultural insurance programs, and less attention has been paid to specific crops. This study uses the individual data of the rice insurance program in Taiwan to explore the factors affecting rice farmers' participation in the rice insurance program, and applies the ordinary least squared method and quantile regression model to analyze the role of government policies on rice farmers' decision-making. The results show that the government's insurance subsidy and the natural disaster cash relief payments both have significant and positive impacts on rice farmers' willingness to insure. In addition, the insured area is also affected by the insurance claim, age and non-farming jobs of heads of households. Based on the empirical results, this study suggests that the government could increase the proportion of subsidies for rice farmers whose insurance area reaches a certain size, in order to increase the coverage rate of rice insurance. In addition, the government should make regular adjustments to the standards of claims to ensure that farmers have sufficient indemnity when facing extreme weather in the future.

並列關鍵字

Crop insurance ； rice insurance ； insurance subsidy ； natural disaster relief program

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