從跨區域層次分析歐盟與中美洲共同市場政經互動

近年來，歐盟逐漸修正對外貿易政策轉向與第三國及區域組織談判簽署「區域貿易協定」的結盟方式。歐盟與中美洲自由貿易協定就是以「區域對區域」的方式推動而發展出「跨區域」與「區域間」主義的走向。這種跨區域與區域間關係的建構不僅在區域內部，同時在跨區域聯繫上呈現出制度化發展的趨勢。文章嘗試從跨區域層次解讀歐盟與中美洲（包括哥斯大黎加、薩爾瓦多、瓜地馬拉、宏都拉斯、尼加拉瓜、巴拿馬6國）兩區域之間的政經互動。文章架構分成六部分：除前言外，其次解釋全球化、區域主義與區域間主義三者之間的關聯性；第三部分闡述歐盟與中美洲貿易談判制度化發展的過程；第四，從區域合作競爭角度分析區域間互動之政經動機與意涵；第五從建構主義觀點解析區域間互動的集體認同的建構；最後做出總結。

關鍵字

跨區域主義；區域間主義；歐盟與中美洲；中美洲共同市場；區域貿易協定

並列摘要

The European Union has recently shifted to a trade policy that envisages a greater use of the Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) with all partners. The EU is pursuing the RTAs with Central America through a pattern of ＂region to region＂ to form the basis of negotiations, which is implying a certain degree of inter-and trans-regionalism characteristics. The development of inter-and trans-regional relations reflects a general trend of institutionalization of relations not only within but also across regions. This article focuses mainly on the interaction of political economy in the EU and Central America based on the perspective of the trans-regional level. The content is divided into six sections: besides the introduction, a second section analyzes the correlation among global multilateralism, regionalism and inter-regionalism; the third section explains the institutionalization process in the free-trade negotiations between the EU and Central America; the fourth section tries to identify, from viewpoints of competition and cooperation, key motivations as well as the main outputs and implications of trans-regional interaction; the fifth section analyzes, in close relations to constructivism, the building of collective identity; the final section concludes the debates.