Malnutrition and its risk factors in a home for Seniors in Shanghai

Jianqin Sun ； Wuke Yuan ； Min Chen ； Yanqiu Chen ； Danfeng Xu ； Zhen Li ； Huijing Bai ； Qi Xu ； Yuanrong Jiang ； Jie Gu ； Shengqi Li ； Chenxi Su ； Lili Gu ； Jiaxin Fang ； Xinyao Zhu

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 預刊文章 Pp. 1-17

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.202211/PP.0011

摘要

Background and Objectives: Older adults residing in senior homes are at a high risk of malnutrition. In this study, we investigated the nutritional status of these individuals and factors associated with malnutrition in this population. Methods and Study Design: This cross-sectional study (September 2020-January 2021) included a total of 583 older adults residing in a senior home in Shanghai (mean age, 85.0±6.6 years). The Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) questionnaire was administered to assess the nutritional status of the participants. Patients with possible sarcopenia were identified according to the guidelines recommended by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia in its 2019 consensus (AWGS 2019). Moreover, the factors influencing malnutrition were determined through multivariate analyses. Results: The likelihoods of having malnutrition and being at a risk of malnutrition were noted in 10.5% and 37.4% of the participants, respectively. In both male and female participants, handgrip strength (HGS) and calf circumference (CC) increased significantly with increasing scores on the aforementioned questionnaire (p＜0.001). Among the participants, 44.6% had ≥3 chronic diseases and 48.2% used multiple medicines. Multivariate analyses revealed that dysphagia (OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.7-8.5), possible sarcopenia (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 2.2-5.6), and dementia (OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 2.8-7.0) were correlated with a relatively high prevalence of malnutrition/malnutrition risk. Exercise (at least thrice a week) reduced malnutrition risk. Conclusions: Malnutrition is common among older adults residing in senior homes; therefore, the associated factors must be identified, and appropriate interventions should be administered.

關鍵字

nutritional status ； chronic disease ； senior home ； older adult ； malnutrition