Dietary Modifications to Improve Micronutrient Status of Indian Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

通过调整饮食改善印度儿童和青少年1型糖尿病患者微量元素状况

Lavanya S Parthasarathy ； Shashi A Chiplonkar ； Anuradha V Khadilkar ； Vaman V Khadilkar

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 24卷1期 (2015/03) Pp. 73-82

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2015.24.1.04

摘要

引言：对糖尿病患儿来说，饮食在优化控制血糖同时还会对儿童正常生长发育至关重要。糖尿病儿童的饮食限制可能会导致微量元素缺乏。目的：探讨亚洲的印度1型糖尿病儿童的膳食营养缺乏和开发适合他们含有丰富微量元素的食谱。方法：记录了70名糖尿病患儿（24名男童）人体测量学参数及3天饮食回忆。用CDIET 2.0估计每日营养素摄入量及食谱的营养素含量。结果：儿童平均摄入的能量是印度推荐膳食供给量（RDA）的79%，蛋白质为RDA的105%，而脂肪较高（RDA的143%）。而核黄素、β胡萝卜素、锌、铁的平均摄入量低于RDA的50%，硫胺素和钙分别在RDA的60%左右，提示多种微量元素缺乏。基于流行消费的零食，新设计的20种健康食谱可纳入儿童的饮食。新食谱的平均能量含量于常规食谱相似（281±28 kcal/100 g、306±27 kcal/100 g熟重）。而新食谱的平均维生素和矿物质含量都明显高于常规小吃（p＜0.01）。与传统配方相比，总矿物质含量（锌、钙、铁）增加5倍，总维生素含量（β胡萝卜素、维生素C、维生素B-1、B-2和B-3）增加了两倍。结论：糖尿病儿童的饮食中缺乏多种微量元素。新食谱可以在不增加他们能量负担的同时增加微量元素摄入量。

關鍵字

糖尿病 ； 1型 ； 亚洲的印度食谱 ； 微量元素 ； 儿童

並列摘要

Introduction: Diet plays a crucial role for maintaining normal growth and development while optimizing glycemic control in children with diabetes. Dietary restrictions, in a diabetic child's diet may lead to micronutrient deficiencies. Objectives: To examine dietary nutritional deficiencies of Asian Indian children with Type 1 diabetes mellitus and develop micronutrient-rich recipes suitable for them. Methods: Anthropometry, diet (3-day recall) of 70 children with diabetes (24 boys) was recorded. Daily nutrient intakes and nutrient content of recipes were estimated using CDIET version 2.0. Results: Mean intake amongst children for energy was 79% of Indian Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), protein was 105% RDA, but fat intakes were high (143% RDA). Mean intakes of riboflavin, β carotene, zinc, iron were less than 50%, and thiamin and calcium were around 60% RDA suggesting a possible multiple micronutrient deficiency. Based on popularly consumed snacks, 20 healthy recipes were devised that can be incorporated in children's diet. Mean energy content of new recipes was similar to routine snacks (281±28 kcal/100 g vs 306±27 kcal/100 g cooked weight). However, the mean vitamin and mineral content of new recipes was significantly higher (p＜0.01). There was a five-fold increase in total mineral content (zinc, calcium and iron) and twofold increase in total vitamin content (β carotene, vitamin C, vitamin B-1, B-2, and B-3) in new recipes compared with the routine snacks. Conclusion: Multiple dietary micronutrient deficiencies are observed in diabetic children. Addition of newly developed recipes in their everyday diet may help to enhance micronutrient intakes without increasing their energy load.

並列關鍵字

diabetes mellitus ； type 1 ； Asian Indian snacks ； micronutrients ； children