Obesity, non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors and dietary factors among Chinese school-aged children

中国学龄儿童肥胖、非传染性疾病危险因素及膳食因素研究

Carmen Piernas ； Dantong Wang ； Shufa Du ； Bing Zhang ； Zhihong Wang ； Chang Su ； Barry M Popkin

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 25卷4期 (2016/12) Pp. 826-840

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.092015.37

摘要

背景与目的：中国膳食变迁的特征是超重、心血管代谢性危险因素显著增加，为此我们对中国儿童肥胖、心血管代谢性危险因素及膳食因素的影响进行了研究。方法与研究设计：本研究样本为参加了2009 年＂中国健康与营养调查＂并提供了膳食摄入、体格测量、血压等数据及空腹血样的663 名7-12岁学龄儿童。我们计算了心血管代谢性危险因素的患病率，并应用Logistic回归通过控制年龄、性别、体力活动、居住地、经济收入等因素对膳食摄入与心血管代谢性危险因素的相关性进行了分析。结果：14%的学龄儿童超重或肥胖，其中约20%为城市及高收入家庭儿童（p＜0.05）。14%的儿童患高血压，约20%的儿童为高血压前期，约20%的儿童、超过30%的城市及高收入家庭儿童有糖耐量及糖化血红蛋白损伤（p＜0.05），21%的儿童血脂代谢异常、超过50%的儿童有前期血脂代谢异常（即至少有一项血脂指标在临界值之上）。约30%的儿童能量摄入超过需求量，其中38%的儿童膳食脂肪及饱和脂肪摄入量高。摄入高能量及高糖的儿童更易患血压及糖耐量损伤。结论：虽然社会经济各阶层的差别依然明显，但中国城乡儿童的超重、心血管代谢性危险因素普遍较高，膳食因素如添加糖摄入量与心血管代谢性危险因素显著相关。

關鍵字

肥胖 ； 心血管代谢性危险因素 ； 膳食摄入 ； 儿童 ； 中国

並列摘要

Background and Objectives: China's nutrition transition is characterized by dramatic increases in overweight and cardiometabolic (CM) risk. The burden of obesity, CM risk factors and dietary intake among Chinese children were explored. Methods and Study Design: Children 7-12 y old from the 2009 China Health and Nutrition Survey with available dietary intake data, anthropometry, blood pressure, and fasting blood samples were included (n=663). CM risk prevalence was calculated; logistic regression was used to investigate the association of nutrient intakes with CM risk, adjusting for age, gender, physical activity, area of residence and income. Results: 14% of Chinese school-aged children and ~20% of those from urban areas and higher income households had overweight/obesity (p＜0.05). The prevalence of prehypertension was ~20% while hypertension was 14%. Around 20% of all children and ≥30% of those from urban areas and higher income households had impaired glucose/ HbA1c (p＜0.05). More than half of the studied children had pre-dyslipidemia (i.e. at least one lipid measurement above borderline levels) and 21% of children had dyslipidemia. Approximately 30% of all children had energy intakes above requirements and 38% of them had excessive proportions of dietary fat and saturated fat. Children with higher intakes of total daily energy and total and added sugars had a greater likelihood of having impaired blood pressure and glucose/HbA1c. Conclusions: Childhood overweight and CM risk is prevalent in urban and rural areas of China and across different socioeconomic groups although disparities between classes still pervade. Several dietary factors such as sugars were significant correlates of CM risk.

並列關鍵字

obesity ； cardiometabolic risk ； dietary intake ； children ； China