營養師•醫師對保健行為信念重要性之比較研究

Comparison of Beliefs about the Importance of Health Promoting Behaviors between Dieticians and Physicians

邱清華(Ching-Hwa Chiu)

《中華民國營養學會雜誌》 13卷3&4期 (1988/10) Pp. 85-94

https://doi.org/10.6691/JCNS.198810_13(3_4).0003

摘要

醫師與營養師均屬醫療團隊的一份子，都與病人、民眾接觸，提供保健訊息，不免影響各人的起居生活。有報告指出，一個人生活上的保健行為和死亡率、罹病率的降低有關聯。一般也認為醫師是健康資訊最可靠的來源之一。另一方面，營養師提供營養諮詢，對大家飲食生活自當亦有影響。筆者曾對我國醫師進行保健行為信念之研究，今復對營養師實施相同的調查，以資比較。
本研究的方法是採郵寄問卷調查的方式，對全省各有關單位190位營養師發出問卷，回收率55.3%(n=105)。由所獲資料顯示，營養師是一種以女性為主（佔91.4%）的年青行業，平均年齡僅31歲；平均從事該項工作僅5.9年；大學、學院畢業者佔二分之一強(57.1%)，專科畢業者佔三分之一(33.3%)；而四分之三(73.3%)的營養師是食品、營養本科系畢業者。
若以對25項保健行為信念之重要性排名比較，我國營養師與醫師看法相當接近。換言之，二者排名次序大致相若，旗鼓相當，惟營養師比醫師更為重視生活上的保健行為。我國營養師所認為「最重要」的前六項保健行為，分別為：(l)「維持攝食均衡營養的食物」、(2)「每天早上吃早餐」、(3)「避免攝食過多的熱量」、(4)「對有害物質應加裝防範設備」、(5)「避免過度精神壓力」、及(6)「使用汽車安全帶、機車安全帽」。在醫師方面而言，最重要的前六項中有四項與營養師相同，唯次序不同。另外，在「最不重要」的五個項目中，不論營養師或醫師，其觀念相同，而且次序排列亦無異。因此，由上述種種資料顯示，營養師與醫師的保健觀念相當類同，僅營養師特別偏重飲食問題而已。

並列摘要

Both dieticians and physicians are health promotion professionals. It is generally regarded that physicians are the best and most credible resource persons of health information. Dieticians in particular serve as nutrition counselors. An increased awareness of the value of health promoting behaviors being shown to be associated with decreased mortality and morbidity is coupled with the demand that dieticians disseminate information about health as well. The purpose of this paper is to compare the difference of beliefs concerning the importance of health promoting behaviors between dieticians and physicians.
This study was carried out with a mailed questionnaire survey in September 1987. One hundred and ninty copies of questionaire form were mailed to the dieticians throughout Taiwan on the name list provided by the Chinese Nutrition Society. The response rate was 55.3% (n=105). Dietetic practice was a young (average age 31) and female dominant (91.4%) profession in Taiwan. The average years of service were only 5.9. More than half of the dieticians were university-college graduates; one-thirds, junior college. And, three-fourths (73.3%) were food and nutrition majors.
Comparing the dieticians with the physicians, it was found that they shared almost similar ranking order of the importance of the beliefs about 25 health promoting behaviors. In general, the dieticians weighed these beliefs more than the physicians did. The most important 6 behaviors listed by the dieticians were: (1) Eat a balanced diet, (2) Eat breakfast every morning, (3) Avoid intake excess calorie, (4) Protective equipment against harmful substances, (5) Avoid undue stress, and (6) Always use seat belts or wear helmets. As to the viewpoints of the physicians, 4 out of the 6 behaviors were the same as those of dieticians. On the other band, both of these two professionals agreed at the 5 ”very unimportant behaviors.” This study indicated that dieticians and physicians expressed their common ideas on health promoting behaviors except the former paid more attention to diet problems.

並列關鍵字

dieticians' ； beliefs ； health promoting behaviors ； dieticians and physicians