探討壓力所產生之生理及心理層面與護理應用之關係

Stress-induced Biological and Sociological Changes and Its Nursing Applications

唐福瑩(Fu-In Tang) ； 林笑(Shine Lin)

《Journal of Medical Sciences》 21卷S期 (2001/11) Pp. 1-9

摘要

本文主要介紹心理學及社會學的學者，利用老鼠及猴子的動物實驗，探討「心理」及「社會」層面對壓力的影響。當老鼠面臨無能為力感、無法預測感及無法發洩挫折感等心理壓力時，其生理上也會產生一些神經內分泌的作用，甚至導致消化性潰瘍的產生。而在研究猴子的支持系統中也發現，社會支持系統可幫助猴子對壓力的調適，以及減少體內可體松之分泌。此動物研究結果，可進一步應用在護理學科中，尤其是對減輕住院病患之壓力層面而言，在減少其無能為力感上，可加強病患對照顧之參與；在減少無法預測感上，可提供充分之衛教；在減少其無法發洩挫折感上，可鼓勵病患說出其心中之感受，以減低其心理壓力。除此之外，更建議對於住院病患、在護理措施上應維持舊有的人際關係，及拓展新的人際關係，藉由社會支持系統之建立，而減低其住院之壓力。

關鍵字

護理 ； 心理社會 ； 壓力

並列摘要

Research on psychological stress and the social support system in rats and monkeys was reviewed. Rats that had been subjected to various stress factors such as lack of control, lack of predictability, or lack of an outlet for venting frustration developed neuroendocrine imbalances that resulted in peptic ulcers. On the other hand, some studies of social support systems of monkeys demonstrated that these systems played significant roles in helping monkeys to cope with stress and caused reductions in cortisol levels. Such results may be further applied in the nursing field for helping patients to reduce stress from hospitalization. To reduce feelings of lack of control, nurses could encourage patients to participate more proactively in self-care. To reduce feelings of lack of predictability, sufficient health education should be provided for patients. To reduce frustration, patients. should be encouraged to share their feelings with others to provide an outlet for venting their frustrations. In addition, hospitalized patients were encouraged not only to maintain old relationships with friends and family, but also encouraged to establish new relationships. Such social support systems may further reduce the stress of hospitalization.

並列關鍵字

nursing ； psychosocial ； stress