左右腦對中文雙字詞的語音轉錄及對臉形素描圖的比對作業之反應時間比較實驗研究

An Interaction Study on Cerebral Hemisphere Differences in the Processing of Different Tachistoscopic Visual Information

林清山(Chen-Shan Lin)

《教育心理學報》 21期 (1988/06) Pp. 39-57

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.19880601.3

摘要

本研究有三個目的。第一個目的在繼續考驗「訊息種類」與「呈現視區」二者之間是否有交互作用效果存在，亦即探討「左腦比右腦擅於處理分析性、系列性語文訊息，而右腦則比左腦擅於處理整體性、同時性圖形空間訊息」之假設是否眞確。在這部分腦側化實驗研究裹，實驗者採用視區控制法和以一部四視域速示器來呈現「中文雙字詞」以及由繪像機器人所繪製的「臉形素描圖」。不管「中文雙字詞」部分或[臉形素描圖」部分，每一嘗試次均先呈現刺激項於視區正中央，其曝露時間爲1000 msec。接着纔呈現反應項於受試者的右視區或左視區，與中央凝視點成2°～6°視角，其曝露時間爲160 msec。受試者以按鍵方式判斷反應項雙字詞與刺激項雙字詞的語音是否相同，和判斷反應項臉形圖與刺激項臉形圖的同異。實驗者記錄受試者的反應時間和反應正誤，並採完全受試者內設計的ANOVA來考驗實驗的假設。第二個目的在順便瞭解受試者係根據那幾個向度來判斷本研究所用「臉形素描圖」之相似性。受試者透過Q分類的方法和十一點量表的方式評定由十六張臉形圖組合而成的120對臉形配對之相似度。此項評定結果以非計量MDS來處理。第三個目的在探討左右腦功能與晶體能力、流體能力、及空間視覺能力之間是否有相關存在。左右腦功能以腦側化實驗的四項反應時間分數爲指標，而晶體能力、流體能力、空間視覺能力則分别以三種智力測驗分數爲指標。研究者透過相關係數矩陣來考驗是否晶體能力、流體能力與左腦功能有關，而空間視覺能力則與右腦功能有關。
綜合三方面的研究結果顯示：(1)「訊息種類」與「呈現視區」之間的交互作用效果達顯著水準，顯示左右腦側化現象的確存在。惟，單純主要效果的考驗結果顯示：「中文雙字詞」呈現在「右視區—左腦」比呈現在「左視區—右腦」時，受試者的語音比對之反應時間爲短，可支持「左腦比右腦擅於處理分析性、系列性語文訊息」的說法；但是「臉形素描圖」呈現在「左視區—右腦」時，受試者的臉形比對反應時間並未比呈現在「右視區—左腦」時的反應時間爲快，亦即，右腦在處理整體性、同時性圖形空間訊息時，並未較左腦爲佔優勢。(2)經以非計量MDS分析臉形相似性評定反應之結果，發現受試者係根據「頭髮長短」、「頭部轉向」和「眼睛視向」三個向度來判斷，且主要的是根據「頭髮長短」。據此推論，在曝露時間只有160 msec的實驗情況下，受試者的工作記憶中也許只能處理頭髮長短這一向度的圖形空間訊息。(3)代表「晶體能力」、「流體能力」、「空間視覺能力」的三種智力測驗分數與腦側化實驗的四種反應時間分數之間的交互相關係數均未達顯著水準，故「左腦功能與晶體能力、流體能力有關，而右腦功能與空間視覺能力有關」的假設未能獲得支持。

並列摘要

An experiment was undertaken to test the assumption that ”the left hemisphere is superior to the right hemisphere for analytical or serial verbal processing, while the right hemisphere is superior to the left hemisphere for holistic or parallel visuospatial processing.” Two kinds of visual information, namely ”Two-words Chinese Characters” and ”Lady's Facial Sketch” drawn by computer based robot, were tachistoscopically presented to 41 college girl students, through visual half-field presentation. Each trial, a ”stimulus item” was exposed first to the subject in the center of the field for 1 sec., and then a ”response item” was exposed for 160 msec., either to the RVF or to the LVF, with visual angle of 2~6°from the fixation point. The S's task was to compare the stimulus item and the response item and to judge through botton-pressing whether the pronounciations of these Two-words Chinese Characters, or the drawing of these Lady's Facial Sketch, were the same or different. Reaction time was used as response measures. Data thus obtained were analyzed by within-Ss factorial ANOVA. Results were as follows: (1) The interaction effect between ”Kinds of Infromation” and ” Visual-Field of Presentation” was highly significant. Therefore, test of simple main effects were computed. (2) The mean RT was significantly shorter when Two-words Chinese Characters were presented in RVT-LH than when they were presented in LVF-RH. (3) The mean RT was not significantly shorter when Lady's Facial Sketch were presented in LVF-RH than when they were presented in RVF-LH. Thus, the assumption that the left hemisphere is superior to the right hemisphere for analytical or serial verbal processing was supported. However, the assumption that the right hemisphere is superior to the left hemisphere for holistic or parallel visuospatial processing was not supported in this study.
In this paper, results of two elated studies were also reported. MDS technique was employed to identify the dimensions of the configuration of the 16 Lady's Facial Sketch used in the abovementioned experiment. Three dimensions were identified, of which ”Length of Hair Style” was the most important one. In another correlation study, the correlation coefficients among four measures obtained from experiment on laterality differences, and three measures obtained from intelligence tests, hypothetically measuring crystallized ability, fluid ability, and spatial-visualization ability, were computed. No significant correlation was found among them. The implication of these findings was also discussed.