營養教育對過重與肥胖國小學童之成效

Effects of Nutrition Education of Overweight and Obese Elementary School Children

施桂梅(Kuei-Mei Shih) ； 范純美(Chun-Mei Fan) ； 熊夢萍(Meng-Ping Hsiung)

《臺灣營養學會雜誌》 37卷3期 (2012/09) Pp. 102-109

https://doi.org/10.6691/NSJ.201209_37(3).0002

摘要

台灣兒童及青少年肥胖問題已日趨嚴重，故本研究以營養教育與體能活動為主，探討其對體重過重與肥胖國小學童之改善成效。本研究對象為桃園縣某國小4-5年級之體重過重與肥胖學童共30名，為期28週，前12週實施營養教育與體能活動，後續16週為追蹤期。本研究除了測量體重、腰圍與身高外，並使用前測與後測問卷調查，藉以了解營養教育對其營養知識與飲食態度之成效。研究結果顯示，12週的課程結束時，學童身高顯著增加、身體質量指數與腰圍顯著減少；後續16週的追蹤期結束時，身高比第12週顯著增加，身體質量指數與腰圍都與課程介入前無顯著差異，但比第12週顯著增加。課程介入後的營養知識與飲食態度都比課程介入前顯著進步。本研究顯示，對於體重過重與肥胖學童在短期的課程介入時雖有效果，但課程結束後之追蹤期，顯示無法長期維持體重控制成效。因此本研究成果可提供學校在研擬與推動健康促進計畫時，應持續性而非短期的飲食、運動介入措施，以維持學童體重控制成效之考量。

關鍵字

營養教育 ； 國小 ； 體能活動 ； 身體質量指數

並列摘要

Childhood and youth obesity has become a serious issue in Taiwan. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand the effects of nutrition education and physical activity on overweight and obese elementary school children. In 2011, we cooperated with a nearby elementary school to conduct a body weight-control program which lasted 12 weeks, with a follow-up period of 16 weeks. We measured the height, body weight, and waist circumference and asked the children to fill out a questionnaire on nutrition knowledge and dietary behaviours before and after the intervention in order to evaluate its effectiveness. Thirty fourth- and fifth-grade elementary school children participated in the program. This study found that there were a statistically significant increase in height, decreases in the body-mass index (BMI) and waist circumference at the end of the 12-week program, and increases in scores of knowledge and dietary behaviours. However, at the end of the 16-week follow-up period, in BMI and waist circumference associated with the program did not significantly differ from values before the intervention. This study showed that a short-term program for overweight and obese children was working, however, after the program finished, the follow-up period showed that the results of body weight control were not maintained. Results of this research can be a reference for elementary school health-promotion programs, which should be designed to focus on long-term maintenance of children's weight control rather than short-term diet and exercice programs.

並列關鍵字

nutrition education ； elementary school ； physical activity ； BMI