健康飲食指標評估臺灣北部地區青少年飲食品質與生長發育之關係

Healthy dietary indices to estimate dietary quality and their associations with growth development for adolescents in northern Taiwan

盧立卿(Li-Ching Lyu) ； 徐桂婷(Kuei-Ting Hsu) ； 劉家妤(Jia-Yu Liu)

《台灣營養學會雜誌》 46卷1期 (2022/03) Pp. 1-14

https://doi.org/10.6691/NSJ.202203_46(1).0001

摘要

目標：發展評估青少年健康飲食指標的計算方式，並探討其飲食品質與營養素攝取及生長發育的相關性。方法：前瞻性世代研究設計，分析臺灣北部124名青少年11-15歲間每年所收集之2日24小時飲食回憶資料，共有257份有效問卷。以臺灣每日飲食指南為基礎建立評估飲食品質的三項指標，包含：改良版臺灣飲食變化性分數（Taiwan dietary diversity score-modified , DDS-M）、改良版臺灣健康飲食多樣性指標（Taiwan Healthy Food Diversity index-modified , HFD-M）及改良版臺灣健康飲食指數（Taiwan Healthy Eating Index-modified, HEI-M），分別評估青少年的飲食變化性（dietary diversity）、多樣性（dietary variety）及整體飲食表現（overall dietary performance）。結果：DDS-M平均得分為4.36 ± 0.72，HFD-M分數為0.46 ± 0.06，HEI-M則為51.30 ± 6.21，三項指標皆隨青少年之年齡而顯著下降（p for trend ＜0.05），與多項營養素攝取量及營養素足量比（nutrient adquate ratio score）呈正相關（r =0.18-0.65, p ＜0.05），也與身高年變化量呈正相關（r =0.24-0.31, p ＜0.05）。結論：台灣北部青少年飲食品質良好時，營養素攝取狀況及身高增加速度較佳，台灣青少年飲食品質表現相較其他國家雖未較差，但仍需注意隨年齡增加有退步的趨勢。

關鍵字

青少年 ； 飲食品質 ； 前瞻性世代研究

並列摘要

Objectives: The aims of study are to estimate dietary quality of adolescents, and to examine the correlations between dietary quality, nutrient intakes and anthropometric measurements. Methods: Total 124 adolescents in north Taiwan participated in our prospective cohort studies and provided 257 questionnaires including 2 day 24-hour dietary recalls from 11 to 15 years old. We constructed three dietary quality indices based on current Taiwan dietary guidelines. In this study, we used Taiwan dietary diversity score-modified (DDS-M), Taiwan Healthy Food Diversity index-modified (HFD-M) and Taiwan Healthy Eating Index-modified (HEI-M) to examine dietary diversity, dietary variety and overall dietary performance for adolescents. Results: The means and standard deviations were 4.36 ± 0.72 for DDS-M, 0.46 ± 0.06 for HFD-M and 51.30 ± 6.21 for HEI-M, respectively. The scores of dietary quality declined significantly for adolescents from 11 to 15 years old (p for trend ＜ 0.05). We found that all three dietary quality scores had significantly positive correlations (r =0.18-0.65, p ＜ 0.05) with most nutrient intakes and nutrient adequacy ratio scores. Moreover, dietary quality score had a significantly positive correlation (r =0.24-0.31, p ＜ 0.05) with the annual height velocity. Conclusion: The high dietary quality and adequate nutrient intakes promote the growth of height for adolescents in north Taiwan. The dietary quality for Taiwanese teenagers was not worse compared to the other countries. However, the decline of dietary quality with age should be considered as an important public health nutrition issue.

並列關鍵字

adolescent ； dietary quality ； prospective cohort study