台北市兒童體位、飲食行為與家長營養知識、行為及飲食教養之關係

Relationships between Body Weight and Dietary Behavior of Elementary School Children in Taipei City and Their Parents'''' Nutrition Knowledge, Dietary Behavior, and Food-Related Parenting Style

許惠玉(Yui-Yu Sheu)

指導教授 ： 謝明哲 博士

臺北醫學大學/公共衛生暨營養學院/保健營養學研究所/碩士(2003年)

摘要

本研究之主要目的在探討兒童飲食行為與其體位之家庭相關因素，包括兒童及其家長之背景資料、家長營養知識、飲食行為、飲食教養行為等。採結構式問卷調查法，分為兩類：一類為家長問卷，內容包括基本資料、營養知識、飲食行為、飲食教養行為；另一類為兒童問卷，內容包括基本資料及其飲食行為。 以台北市國小三、四、五年級兒童及其家長為對象，採分層隨機抽樣，總計有1058份配對有效問卷，主要結果發現：(1)兒童飲食行為與家長營養知識、飲食行為、社經指數、全家收入等，均呈顯著正相關（p<.01）；與家長身體質量指數、家長外食、家中子女數呈明顯負相關（p<.01）。(2)影響兒童飲食行為的最主要因素為家長飲食行為，預測力佔11.8%，其他依次為關懷式飲食教養行為、兒童性別及家中子女數目等。(3)兒童身體質量指數(Body Mass Index，BMI)與家長、放任式飲食教養行為、家長外食頻率等呈顯著正相關；而與家長年齡、關懷式飲食教養行為呈顯著負相關。男童BMI值明顯高於女童；老么BMI值明顯高於排行中間者。(4) 過胖兒童BMI的預測因子會因不同性別、年齡而有所不同，綜合重要預測變項，包括：家長營養知識、家長為孩子準備或製作餐點之頻率、家長陪孩童一起用餐之頻率、家長外食之頻率、兒童細嚼慢嚥之頻率、家長自覺健康狀況、家長避免孩子喝加糖飲料之頻率、家長仔細檢查食品營養標示之頻率、兒童喝含糖飲料之頻率。整體而言，家長與兒童的肥胖及飲食行為，均有著相關性及影響力。故要導正兒童之飲食行為或防治兒童肥胖，均應將家長納入宣導對象，才是最為有效的方法。

關鍵字

兒童體位 ； 過胖兒童 ； 營養知識 ； 飲食行為 ； 飲食教養行為

並列摘要

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between family factors that affect children’s dietary behavior and their body anthropometric measures. These factors included the demographic variables of these children and their parents, and the parents’ nutrition knowledge, dietary behavior and food-related parenting style. Research method involved a pair of structured, self-administered questionnaires that included two categories─the parent-form and the child-form. The parent-form included basic information on the parents’ demographics and their nutrition knowledge, dietary behavior and food-related parenting style. The child-form included basic information on the children’s demographics and their dietary behavior. Students in the third, fourth and fifth grades from Taipei Area, along with their parents were chosen as the study sample. A total of 1058 pairs of questionnaires were collected. Statistically significant results indicated positive associations between children’s dietary behavior and parents’ socioeconomic index, family gross income, nutrition knowledge, and dietary behavior (p < .01). However, negative associations were found between children’s dietary behavior and parents’ BMI, the number of children in the family, and their frequency of dining out (p < .01). By a multiple regression analysis, parents’ dietary behavior could explain 11.8% of the variance in children’s dietary behavior, while other factors that affect children’s dietary behavior were caring parenting style, gender of the child and the number of children in the family. Moreover, positive association was shown between children’s BMI and their parents’ BMI, permissive parenting style, and frequency of dining out; negative association was shown between children’s obesity and their parents’ age and caring parenting style. Boys had higher BMI’s than girls; the last child in the family had higher BMI than the other children in the family. Factor affecting the BMI of overweight children vary according to their different gender and age. Significant predictors included parents’ nutritional knowledge, frequency of parents preparing food for their children, frequency of parents having meals with their children, frequency of parents dining out, frequency of children chewing their food thoroughly, parents’ perception of their health states, frequency of parents preventing children’s intake of sugared drinks, parents’ careful examination of food nutrition labels, and how often children consume sugar drinks. Overall, the relationship between parents’ and children’s obesity and dietary behavior showed close associations and direct effects. Therefore, to correct children’s dietary behavior or to prevent child obesity, intervention methods targeting children must also involve the parents in order to be effective.

並列關鍵字

children anthropometrics ； overweight children ； nutrition knowledge ； dietary behavior ； food-related parenting style

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