鄕村旅遊的社會影響－對當地居民的知覺與態度影響之分析

Rural Tourism's Social Impacts-An Analysis of Local Residents' Perceptions and Attitudes

湯幸芬(Hsing-Fen Tang) ； 蔡宏進(Hong-Chin Tsai)

《戶外遊憩研究》 18卷1期 (2005/03) Pp. 73-96

https://doi.org/10.6130/JORS.2005.18(1)4

摘要

近年來，臺灣鄉村旅遊的發展型態出現了與地方性(locality)結合的現象，而了解這類旅遊型態對當地居民產生什麼樣的社會影響是永續旅遊的重要方向。研究目的乃從鄉村居民的知覺與態度觀點，來了解鄉村旅遊的社會影響與程度，以及分析社會影響知覺與態度之影響因素，最後探討居民未來發展態度的影響因素。研究依鄉村旅遊地的篩選原則，選擇季節型的白河鎮與假日型的南庄鄉做爲研究地點，並使用結構型問卷至當地收集居民資料。根據文獻及鄉村旅遊的特性將社會影響分成生活品質、規範和連帶、傳統價值、社區形象、人口變項等五面向，以居民的知覺與態度測量前四項。研究結果顯示臺灣鄉村旅遊的社會影響包括公共設施提昇、工作機會增加、休閒時間增加、安全感降低、環境品質惡化、物價上揚、規範和連帶的改善、土地價值觀的負向改變、農業價值觀的正面改變以及社區形象提昇。研究並進一步發現，社區依附、互動密度及旅道地類型是影響居民對「社會影響知覺」的重要變項；而利益依賴、旅遊中心性、互動密度、休閒類型、旅遊地類型以及「社會影響知覺」是影響「社會影響態度」之重要變項；社區依附、社區形象態度是明顯影響未來鄉村旅遊發展態度的因素。因此，對鄉村旅遊永續發展的建議是必須維護當地的鄉村性、提昇當地社區形象、培養社區依附、創造互動密度以及考量旅遊地類型。

關鍵字

鄉村旅遊 ； 鄉村性 ； 旅遊地類型 ； 社區依附 ； 永續發展

並列摘要

Recently, the development of rural tourism in Taiwan has been associated closely with local characteristics. How does the rural tourism affect local residents? What determines this impact? How does this impact affect residents' attitudes toward rural tourism? All of these issues relate directly to sustainable tourism development. Paiho and Nanchuang, a seasonal style and a holiday style of rural tourism townships respectively, were selected as the study sites. A structural questionnaire was used to record the residents' opinions. Through examining local residents' perception, this study found several important social results which impacted rural tourism in Taiwan. These results included the infrastructure improvement, the increase of job opportunities, the increase of leisure time, decreased security, poor environmental conditions, cost of living increases, the improvement of norm and solidarity, the ruin of the value of land, the increase of the value of agriculture and the improvement of community image. This study also found that community attachment, the frequency of contact with tourists, and the destination type are significant factors the affecting local residents' perception. The economic benefits from tourism industry, the distance from the central tourist area, the frequency of contact with tourist, the leisure style of local residents, the destination type, and the perceptions of social impacts are important factors in determining the attitude toward social impacts. Furthermore, the community attachments and the attitude of community image are two significant factors affecting residents' attitude toward the future development of rural tourism. Finally, this study gives suggestion about: 1) maintaining the rurality of local tourism destination, 2) improving the community image, 3) raising community attachment, 4) increasing the frequency of contact with tourists and 5) considering the destination type are important effective strategies for making sustainable development of rural tourism.

並列關鍵字

Rural tourism ； rurality ； destination type ； community attachment ； sustainable development

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