休閒、壓力與調適研究：以中華航空女性空服員爲例

本研究探討中華航空女性空服員的休閒調適策略與生活壓力及生理／理健康的關係。抽樣架構依空服員之服務艙等比例抽取，資料蒐集期間爲2004年2月25日至3月25日，採取現場實地便利抽樣，共獲得有效問卷388份。研究結果顯示(1)華航女性空服員生活壓力多半爲個人及工作壓力。(2)她們的休閒調適策略依序爲「提昇正面情緒的休閒」、「舒緩身心的休閒」及「友伴式休閒」。(3)生活壓力與生理與心理健康呈顯著負相關。(4)生活壓力與休閒調適策略成顯著正相關，休閒調適策咯、調適結果與生理／心理健康呈顯著正相關。(5)休閒對壓力的效果，祇有在高生活壓力下才會產生。研究結論有三：(1)華航女性空服員的生活壓力相當高，並且負面地影響她們的生理與心理健康。(2)印證Iwasaki和Mannell(2000a)的休閒調適理論架構中的三個休閒調適策略都是受訪者同意使用的策略。(3)印證壓力與休閒活動的因果關係是有問題的，換言之，壓力－緩衝假說並非簡單的因果／線性關係。文末並對企業界、中華航空管理階層、女性空服員及未來研究提出建議。

關鍵字

休閒；壓力；空服員；健康；調適

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to explore the leisure coping strategies of stewardesses, and the relationship among leisure, stress, and health. The population was the stewardesses of China Airlines. This study collected 388 useful questionnaires between February and March 2004. The results indicated that (1) Life stresses of the stewardesses resulted mostly from personal and work stresses. (2) Leisure mood enhancement was the most frequently used leisure coping strategy, followed by leisure palliative coping and leisure companionship. (3) Life stresses were negatively correlated with physical and mental health. (4) Life stresses were positively correlated with leisure coping strategies. Both leisure coping strategies and coping consequences were positively correlated with physical and mental health. (5) The effects of leisure on stress only held at higher levels of stress. Three conclusions were drawn: (1) The life stresses of the stewardesses are quite high and negatively impact their physical and mental health. (2) The study proves three leisure coping strategies of Iwasaki and Mannell's (2000a) model are frequently used. (3) The study proves that causality is a question in stress and leisure activity research. Suggestions were made for practice and research.