日本江戶時期古義學派對朱熹淫詩說之批評

本文旨在探究日本江戶時期古義學派學者對朱熹淫詩論之批評，以文本整理、歸納、分析、比較等為研究方法，選仁齋、梅鄰、東涯、東所、蘭嵎、三角、好古等學者之言論，分三大部分：一、古義學派學者對樂、聲與詩之論述，二、古義學派學者之淫詩觀，三、古義學派批評朱熹淫詩說對日本學界之影響，探討其淫詩觀及其對朱熹淫詩觀之批評，比較其與中國學者之異同，並述其說對日本學界之影響。結果顯示：持樂、聲與詩同，且認為有淫詩者，有仁齋、梅鄰，其餘為異，只有東所就詩本文解釋而認為淫詩為淫奔者自作。持同者，大多同於「皆始末之異名」；異者，則多將詩與樂置於六經之範疇下論之之故。就古義學說之繼承言，仁齋之後，古義堂以東涯之學說為主要教學論點，而古義學派學者引中國學者學說，如仁齋、三角，則用而不宣。東涯、蘭嵎、東所皆認同於田汝成，然蘭嵎偶有反思。好古大致選擇明、清學者中與己同意之論，蓋其以傳承古學為終身之志，堅採古義學派以《序》說《詩》之研究立場。古義學派批評朱熹淫詩說之影響，於江戶初期有其特色，中期以後，除古文辭學派外，不見其他學派有引古義學派批評朱熹淫詩說者，故對日本學術界影響有限。

關鍵字

江戶時期；古義學派；朱熹；詩經；淫詩

並列摘要

This paper explores the critiques of Zhu Xi's love poem theory by ancient meaning school scholars that flourish during Japan's Edo period. The exploration is done with the following three parts: (1) discussions of music, sounds, and poetry by ancient meaning school scholars, (2) their views on love poems, and (3) the influence of their criticisms of Zhu Xi's theory on Japanese academic circles. The methods used include organization, categorization, analysis, and comparison of relevant texts by the Japanese scholars Jinsai, Bairin, Tōgai, Tōsho, Rangū, Sankaku, and Kōko. This study explores their views of love poems and their criticisms of Zhu Xi's views, compares them with Chinese scholars' views, and expounds on the influence of their views on Japan's academic circles. The results of the study show that Jinsai and Bairin hold that music, sound, and poetry are the same and that love poems do exist in The Classic of Poetry; the rest scholars have different views. Only Tōsho believes that the love poems are written by elopers. Scholars who have views similar to Jinsai and Bairin mostly deem that music, sound, and poetry are the same thing that carries different names for different stages. Contrary views often appear in discussions of poetry and music under the concept of the Six Classics. In terms of influence on education, after Jinsai, ancient meaning school teaching materials primarily take Tōgai's views. Bairin follows Jinsai's views while Tōsho, Sankaku, and Kōko follow Jinsai's and Tōgai's. Rangū breaks the tradition and holds more views of his own. Jinsai and Sankaku use views from Chinese scholars without citing them. Tōgai, Rangū, and Tōsho hold views similar to Tian Ru-Cheng but Rangū occasionally rethinks his own views. Kōko mostly selects Ming and Qing scholars that have the same views as his. The ancient meaning school critiques of Zhu Xi's love poem theory are influential in early Edo period. From the mid to the end of the Edo period, related criticisms can only be found in ancient wording school so at that time they are not very influential in Japan's academic circles.