平議沈璟曲學對《中原音韻》之汲取轉化與開拓影響

周德清（1277－1365）《中原音韻》本為北曲押韻而編撰，卻成為明萬曆以後南曲用韻的依據，主要歸功於沈璟（1553－1610）極力主張南曲創作悉遵《中原音韻》，誠然是戲曲音韻發展史的重大議題。本文以沈璟《南詞韻選》、《南九宮曲譜》眉批為主要研究文本，運用直音、反切等眉批文字，融入其〈論曲〉套數與《正吳編》軼文，勾勒沈璟曲學對《中原音韻》的汲取轉化與開拓影響。沈璟汲取《中原音韻》兼具曲選曲評之體例；將北曲音讀口法轉用於南曲，體現南曲北唱；進而建構南曲曲牌規範、開拓南曲曲體律化，對明清曲評、曲譜、曲韻、曲論具有深遠影響。儘管沈璟主張南曲創作悉遵《中原音韻》，其中有可待平議之處，然而沈璟開啟南曲叶《中原音韻》、入聲遵《洪武正韻》、析辨平聲陰陽、以入代平等議題，可謂上承周德清，下啟王驥德（1560？－1623）、馮夢龍（1574－1646）、沈寵綏（？－1645？）等曲學家，在南曲音韻史上居於扭轉與推展的樞紐地位。

關鍵字

沈璟；《南詞韻選》；《增定南九宮曲譜》；《中原音韻》；《中州音韻》

並列摘要

Zhou Deqing (1277-1365) edited Zhongyuan yinyun for the rhyming in Chinese northern drama. Unexpectedly, the book has become the fundamental base of the rhyming in Chinese southern drama since the Wanli period of the Ming. The unexpectedness should be attributed to Shen Jing's (1553-1610) powerful advocacy that the creation of the southern drama adhered to the rhyming rules from Zhongyuan yinyun, which is considered important issue in the history of Chinese dramatic phonology. This article explores the commentaries in Selected Rhymes for the Southern Melody and Revised Southern Jiugong Formularies of Arias, applying methods of straight sound (zhi yin) and fanqie spelling into the song cycles in Shen's ＂Discussion on qu＂ and into the lost text of Authentic Wu Edition. These methods elaborate the transformation and development of Zhongyuan yinyun in Shen Jing's qu studies. He adopted the writing style of selected qu with commentaries from Zhongyuan yinyun so as to use the pronunciations of the northern drama in the southern counterparts. He later established the rules of qupai in the southern drama, systemized the southern drama, and therefore impacted on qu commentary, qu score, qu rhyme, and qu theory. Shen Jing advocated that the creation of the southern drama all followed Zhongyuan yinyun, although different commentaries from his on the relationship between the southern and northern drama remained. We, however, should not ignore that he inherited Zhou's ideas of qu theory and thus ushered in later development of qu that was facilitated by qu scholars including Wang Jide (1560 ? -1623), Feng Menglong (1574-1646), and Shen Chongsui (? -1645 ?). Shen played an essential role in the history of southern dramatic phonology as he raised critical issues in Chinese drama such as taking Zhongyuan yinyun as a model of the southern drama, following the rules of entering tone in Hong Wu Dictionary of Standard Rhymes, clarifying the differences between level tone and rising tone, and replacing level tones by entering tones.

並列關鍵字

Shen Jing ； Selected Rhymes for the Southern Melody ； Revised Southern Jiugong Formularies of Arias ； Zhongyuan yinyun ； Zhongzhou yinyun

參考文獻

李惠綿：從音韻學角度論述王驥德南曲度曲論之結構

國際替代計量

平議沈璟曲學對《中原音韻》之汲取轉化與開拓影響

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