福山森林之大型擔子菌資源及監測種之族群變動

Inventory of Macrobasidiomycota and Population Dynamic of Some Monitored Species at Fushan Forest

張東柱(T. T. Chang) ； 周文能(W. N. Chou) ； 吳聲華(S. H. Wu)

《Fungal Science》 15卷1&2期 (2000/09) Pp. 15-26

https://doi.org/10.7099/FS.200009.0015

摘要

本報告是報導：一、福山森林之大型擔子菌資源。經由6年的調查，共發現228種大型擔子菌。其中包括無褶菌目60屬116種、傘菌目45屬84種、牛肝菌目8屬19種、異擔子菌類3屬4種及腹菌類4屬5種。另外仍有100多種無法鑑定到種名的菌類，不列入本報告中。二、在一條長約3.5Km之天然林步道，並選定60種現場較易辨識的菌類，進行調查監測菌類的出現頻度，每月調查一次，共調查42次（1994年1月至1997年6月）。其中有7種為優勢種，包括：Fomitopsis rhodophaeus、Ganoderma australe、Microporus affinis、Oudermansiella mucida、Trichaptum biforme、Trametes hirsuta和Schizopora flavipora。14種常見種，一般而言，常見種的菌類並沒有明顯季節性變化，但Rigidoporus microporus和Ganoderma boninense僅在冬季較少出現，其餘菌類則在乾季較少出現。39種少見種，少見種的菌類有些有明顯季節性，有些則全年零星出現未見季節性。如：Amauroderma rugosum、 Antrodiella liebmannii、Dacryopinax spathularia、Echinochaete russiceps、Ganoderma limushanese、G. tropicum、Magoderna subresinosum、Pycnoporus sanguineus和Stereum spectabile，在溫暖春夏季較常出現，而Dictyophora indusiata、Nigroporus vinosus、Oligoporus caesius、Onnia scaura和 Tyromyces aurantilaetus在寒冷冬季較常出現。在7種優勢種中，只有M. affinis子實體的出現頻度與氣象因子有相關性；其出現率與月均溫有顯著正相關，但與月降雨量、月降雨天數及月相對濕度則沒有顯著相關性。福山森林兩種最優勢種（M. affinis和G. australe）屬於太平洋汎熱帶菌種，此現象顯示福山森林適合太平洋汎熱帶真菌生存。

關鍵字

福山森林 ； 擔子菌資源 ； 族群變動

並列摘要

In the study, we investigated the inventory of macrobasidiomycota and population dynamic of some monitored fungal species at the Fushan forest. By six years investigation, a total 228 species of macrobasidiomycota have been collected and identified to species which included Aphyllophorales 60 genera and 116 species, Agaricales 45 genera and 84 species, Boletales 8 genera and 19 species, Heterobasidiomycetes 3 genera and 4 species, and Gasteromycetes 4 genera and 5 species. There are still more than 100 species of non identified macrobasidiomycota which are not included in the paper. The investigation of the monthly population dynamic for the 60 monitored fungal species began from January 1994 to June 1997. The investigation was carried out once a month along one trail at Fushan natural forest. Fomitopsis rhodophoeus, Ganoderma australe, Microporus affinis, Oudermansiella mucida, Trichaptum biforme, Trametes hirsuta, and Schizopora flavipora, were dominant species. Among them, M. affinis was the most dominant species. It has been shown that the appearing frequency of M. affinis was positively correlated with monthly temperature means, but there was no correlation between appearing frequency of M. affinis and monthly total rainfall, monthly total raining days or monthly relative humidity means. Fourteen species were common species which, in general, had no seasonal dynamic and regular appearing in year round. However, Ganoderma boninense and Rigidoporus microporus were rarely observed in winter, while others were rarely observed in dry seasons. The remaining 39 species were rare species. Although the appearing of some species was highly correlated with climate, that of most species was not related with climate and irregularly observed in year round. For example, Amauroderma rugosum, Antrodiella liebmannii, Dacryopinax spathularia, Echinochaete russiceps, Ganoderma limushanese, G. tropicum, Magoderna subresinosum, Pycnoporus sanguineus, and Stereum spectabile were usually observed in warm spring and summer. However, Dictyophora indusiata, Nigroporus vinosus, Oligoporus caesius, Onnia scaura, and Tyromyces aurantilaetus were usually observed in winter. The two most dominant species (M. affinis and G. australe) at Fushan natural forest are Pacific pantropic fungi indicating that Fushan natural forest favors for the living of Pacific pantropic fungi.

並列關鍵字

Fushan forest ； Inventory of Basidiomycota ； Population dynamic