自立支援照顧模式於高齡者日常生活功能之成效：文獻回顧

Effects of Self-Supporting Care Model on Activities of Daily Living in Elderly People: A Literature Review

龔耿璋(Geng-Jhang Gong) ； 邱恩琦(En-Chi Chiu) ； 謝敏苓(Min-Ling Shie)

《職能治療學會雜誌》 38卷2期 (2020/12) Pp. 223-243

https://doi.org/10.6594/JTOTA.202012_38(2).0005

摘要

目的：自立支援照顧模式（Self-supporting Care Model）為日本新興的長期照護概念。此模式包含四個照顧原則：飲水、運動、排泄、營養，目標為恢復個案日常生活活動（activities of daily living, ADL）之獨立程度。本研究回顧近十年自立支援照顧模式應用於高齡者之文獻，由四個照顧原則，探討此模式對高齡者在ADL之成效。方法：本研究彙整2010年1月至2020年3月於PubMed、CINAHL、MEDLINE、ProQuest、CiNii、Scopus及Airiti Library華藝線上圖書館等電子資料庫，搜索自立支援照顧模式之研究。結果：本研究共收錄六篇文獻，二篇準實驗研究設計、一篇單組前後測量設計及三篇個案報告。六篇文獻皆有實施運動照顧原則，僅一篇文獻有執行四個照顧原則。五篇文獻有提出自立支援照顧模式對ADL之成效，二篇文獻結果顯示達到統計上顯著差異和中度效果量，二篇文獻提出個案ADL有進步，一篇文獻則呈現無顯著差異。結論：過去文獻執行自立支援照顧模式以運動為主，進行其它三個照顧原則的研究不足。建議未來研究執行自立支援照顧模式，應整合四個照顧原則，以提供此模式於高齡者ADL成效之實證結果。

關鍵字

日常生活活動 ； 長期照護 ； 生活自立 ； 自立支援

並列摘要

Objective: The Self-supporting Care Model is an emerging long-term care concept in Japan. This model includes four caring principles: water intake, exercise, excretion, and nutrition. The goal of this model is to help restore independence in activities of daily living (ADL). We conducted a literature review on the Self-supporting Care Model administered in elderly people in the past ten years. We explored the effectiveness of the Self-supporting Care Model on ADL in terms of the four caring principles. Methods: We searched for Self-supporting Caring Model studies in elderly people between January 2010 to March 2020 from electronic databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, ProQuest, CiNii, Scopus, and Airiti Library. Results: Six journal articles were included: 2 quasi-experimental design studies, 1 single-group pre-posttest design study and 3 case reports. Six articles employed the exercise caring principle. Only one article included all four caring principles. Five articles reported the results of the Self-supporting Care Model on participants' ADL, with two showing statistically significant differences and moderate effect sizes in ADL, two showing ADL improvement, and one showing no significant difference. Conclusion: In the previous studies, the implementation of the Self-supporting Care Model mainly focused on exercise. Studies administering the other three caring principles are lacking. Future research should integrate the four caring principles to provide empirical evidence for the effectiveness of the Self-support Care Model in elderly people.

並列關鍵字

Activities of Daily Living ； Long-term Care ； Self-reliance ； Self-supporting