發展遲緩兒童早期療育專業團隊合作模式

The Team Model in the Early Intervention Program for Children with Developmental Delays

廖華芳(Hua-Fang Liao)

《中華民國物理治療學會雜誌》 23卷2期 (1998/04) Pp. 127-140

https://doi.org/10.29616/JPTAROC.199804.0007

摘要

最近修正公佈之「兒童福利法」、「身心障礙者保護法」皆明文規定對發展遲緩兒童應提供團隊合作方式之早期療育。為使相關專業人員了解早期療育計畫流程、設計早療計畫之要點及團隊合作模式，乃收集相關文獻，並綜合著者過去兩年來於台灣地區進行團隊合作研究所得結果提出報告及建議。發展遲緩兒童為各發展領域有異常或可能有異常之6歲以下特殊兒童。設計早療計畫要注意「需要之評量」與「政策之分析」，並繼而擬定「成果目標」與「過程目標」，根據上述分析「擬定計畫」，且於計畫實施後一段時間，進行「成果評估」與「過程評估」。早期療育之流程大致分四階段，包括通報登錄、轉介、評估與安置，皆需社政、醫療、教育等單位協調，目前台灣已進入初步整合階段。而為促進發展遲緩兒童之潛能全面發揮，需根據各地資源與需求提供多專業團隊、專業間團隊或跨專業團隊模式或修正式跨專業團隊模式之療育服務。年齡較小之發展遲緩兒童傾向於以通才者為主要誘發者之跨專業團隊模式。此外著者尚建議於台灣地區實施團隊合作應注意早療計畫設計、人員與經費編列、共識加強、職前與在職訓練、記錄中文化、良好之審核制度等事項。

關鍵字

發展遲緩 ； 早期介入 ； 團隊合作

並列摘要

According to the recently amended laws in Taiwan, such as the Children Welfare Law, and the Persons with Handicaps Act, the government should provide early and integrated team services for children with a developmental delay. To provide more information on the early intervention program, and to introduce the models for team interaction, the author will review related articles and propose some suggestions based on the similar related studies in Taiwan. To design an early intervention program, the planner should have analysis of police, assessment of needs of children and their families, and then set outcome goals and process goals in advance. After providing intervention services, a program evaluation should take place regularly to ascertain the extent to which the program has achieved its goals. The process of early intervention program includes 4 stages. They are case identification and registration, referral, evaluation, and placement. The program needs the cooperation of the education, social welfare and medical departments. Cooperation between these three departments still needs to be strengthened in Taiwan. The models of team interaction include a multidisciplinary model, an inter-disciplinary model and a trans-disciplinary model. The transaction between medical and educational systems is still not effective enough to initiate team cooperation. The author suggest a modified trans-disciplinary model according to our experiences in Taiwan. Therefore, in a modified trans-disciplinary model, cooperation between a teacher and a medical person (usually a therapist) could act as facilitators for the child's training program. To provide the team approach service effectively in Taiwan, we should pay attention to the problems of program design, funding, professional agreement, in-service training and the design of relevant documents.

並列關鍵字

Developmental delay ； Early intervention ； Patient care team