《中庸》一書思想的基本結構及其重要概念的解讀

Zhong Yung-Its Structure and Interpretation of Important Ideas

袁長瑞

《哲學與文化》 24卷5期 (1997/05) Pp. 436-453

https://doi.org/10.7065/MRPC.199705.0436

摘要

「《中庸》一書思想的基本結構及其重要概念的解讀」一文主要是以「基本結構分析法」解構《中庸》一書思想的基本結構，並進而解讀其重要概念。而經由如此的操作程序，我們可以發現《中庸》一書的思想是以成己－成物為其基本關懷：透過「明善」與「誠之」的修道工夫，每個人都可以提升、轉化一己的生命境域，挺立一己之所以為人的價値與意義，從而「素其位而行」地體現外在事功，己立立人、己達達人。換言之，《中庸》一書的思想不僅要求每一個人成就自己，更要求每一個人對社會人群的安身立命，以至於天地萬物的和諧發展盡其責任：除了能夠積極精進地挺立一己的德性生命之外，更能夠進而安頓人群、順遂天地萬物。

關鍵字

君子之道 ； 天命之性 ； 修道 ； 誠 ； 致中和

並列摘要

This article would like to employ a basic structural analysis in examining the structure of the Zhong Yung (The Doctrine of the Mean) and to use the analysis as a springboard into explaning the book's important ideas. In this process we will be able to discover that the Zhong Yung is mainly concerned with the completion of the self and the subsequent completion of things, ”cheng ji-cheng Wu”. This is accomplished through knowing the good ”ming shan,” and the attainment of sincerity, ”cheng zhi.” Everyone is capable of elevating himself to a higher plain in life, establishing higher value and meaning in the process. This process involves, simplifying and then acting ”su qi wei er xing,” (The superior man does what is proper to the station in which he is), manifesting itself in a upright and outstanding person. In other words, the Zhong Yung not only demands that a person complete himself, but also that the person find peace and completion in society at large, ultimately it is then one's responsibility to harmonize with all of creation. That is from establishing oneself as a moral entity, to finding' harmony in society, and finally in finding harmony with all the creatures of the universe.

並列關鍵字

Jun zi zhi dao（君子這之） ； What Heaven confers is called the nature（Tian ming zhi xing, 天命之性） ； Tian ming zhi xing ； The cultivation of this way（修道） ； Sincerity ； Let the state of equilibrium and harmony exist in p