亞里斯多德的德性與社會的關係理論

亞里斯多德的德性論是社會中心論，個人德性的實踐是一種社會的實踐，人類社會只有發展到一定階段才有德性完備實踐的可能。德性實踐是作為幸福中心的必要部分發揮作用，幸福是合乎德性的現實生活。不同的實踐活動養成不同的德性，不具備德性可能的職業實踐無從養成德性。最優良的城邦是全體公民都具有完備德性的城邦。但在亞里斯多德看來，這僅是一種理想狀態。現實的城邦應以正義為標準。正義是最基本的社會性德性，不過，正義可作兩種理解，一是體現德性之全體和社會共同體的整體利益的正義，二是部分正義或比例正義。

關鍵字

德性；幸福；正義

並列摘要

Aristotle's theory of virtue is one kind of social theory which suggests, individual practice of virtue is social practice and advanced practice of virtue can be possible when human society has developed some high level. The necessary and center part of eudaimonia is virtual practice, and eudaimonia is virtual life. Different practical activities cultivate different virtues and in some occupations, the tendency of their practices is such that the people in the careers can not get vitures. The best city-state shall be the whole citizenship who have all important virtues. However, it is one kind of ideal situation. We shall by justice value the real city-state. Justice is basic social virtue, and we can understand it by two ways, one is said that justice represents the whole virtue and entire interest of community, and the other is said that justice is part justice and ratio justice.