論布迪厄的傑出階級與反思社會學

本文以介紹布迪厄的傑出階級與反思社會學為主，在一開始先將布迪厄的生平、思想源起、重要著作以及貫穿其理論創作的三大基本思想工具「實踐」(practice)、「習性」(habitus)和「場域」(field)作介紹；第二部分在其豐富的創作中，選擇有關於反思社會學有密切相關的傑出階級理論為主軸，介紹在社會空間的各個市場中的資本，布迪厄將其劃分為四大類：經濟資本(le capitaléconomique)、文化資本(le capital culturel)、社會資本(1e capitalsocial)、和象徵資本(1e capita1 symbo1ique)。再由四大資本觀念進一步推展至傑出階級(Distinction)；第三部份介紹反思社會學(reflexive sociology)的觀點與特色，及五個布迪厄較為人熟知對社會的批判－A.教育及教育制度的抨擊、B.對「中產階級」實存性的批判、C.對「民意建構」的批判、D.對「電視新聞」的批判、E.對「炫耀性消費」的批判；第四部分為其他學者的看法與小結。

關鍵字

布迪厄；傑出階級；反思社會學；實踐；習性；場域

並列摘要

This paper is primarily about the Bourdieu's ”distinction” and ”reflexive sociology”. First, introduce Bourdieu's life, the sources of his thoughts, and the three thinking tools to allhis theories－practice, habitus and field. The second part revolves around ”distinction”, closely related to reflexive sociology, and introduces the capital of different markets in the social space, which Bourdieu categorizes in to le capital économique, le capitalculturel'le capital social, and le capital symbolique. Through the concepts of the four types of capital, further discuss the idea of distinction. The third part is about the perspectives and characteristics of reflexive sociology and five examples of Bourdieu's more well-known critiques about the society－first, the critique of education and educational institutions; second, the critique of the bourgeoisie existence; third, the critique of the construction of public opinions; fourth, the critique of TV news-making; and fifth, the critique of show-off consumption. And then the fourth part is about other scholars' views and the final conclusion.