論述之詮釋行動理論中的時間與敘事

On Time and Narrative in the Interpretive Action of Discourse

黃筱慧(Cristal Huang)

《哲學與文化》 35卷1期 (2008/01) Pp. 71-81

https://doi.org/10.7065/MRPC.200801.0071

摘要

本文將以哲學詮釋學者海德格的邏各斯概念出發，將詮釋行動與論述的關係作為主軸，處理當代詮釋學的「時間與敘事」兩種雙重面向的行動研究。 當代德國哲學詮釋學家海德格(Martin Heidegger)，在《存有與時間》(Being and Time)中，將哲學史上很有名氣的logos概念與論述連貫，認為人們可經由logos，顯示出某物的相關之處與特別指出的關鍵內容，本文擬針對他指出的logos與論述的一體兩面的關係，呈現出此關係可供我們思考的詮釋學行動理論的起點。 詮釋，是關於一個對象的語言行動(an action of language aboutinterpreting an object)。在這種行動中，哲學人可以呈現出他（／她／它）所看到的某物，在此觀看之中，此物的在世界性：一種此物件處身於世界的時間，空間，被理解出的內容，可被懷疑的與被動搖的虛偽外象，此物與他物，透過某個世界（這裡可能有無限的世界可逐一地或共時地與歷時地被展開）與這個物件的存在的關係(the existential and worldly relation between this object and another object)，存有與當下在場的存有之在彼處，在那裡的表現，透過語言，以一種外化的(objectified)存在的(existential)關係。本文將依此處理在論述與邏各斯的活動下，主體如何表現一種時間與敘事觀，在此觀點下我們又如何將行動的意義表達出來。進而我們將要呈現的是一種論述詮釋下的行動理論。 1.論述作為行動的開端； 2.說出(saying)論述(discourse)與歷史的建構之關係； 3.身在此山中：一種表現處身性的存有者的論述與行動； 4.時間在論述詮釋行動(The Interpretive Action of Discourse)之情節化中的角色； 5.由論述到敘事的過程。 當代哲學對於此焦點的延伸還可擴及如何以書寫學處理敘事，可能有所著墨的有所謂的書寫學(Grammatology)。主張以書寫處理論述出的差異性，吾人認為所謂的行動理論必須符合可提供差異的可能性，行動是一種語言論述所展開的新可能性，在找到新的可能與為何有此意義與在彼之處的展現之後，我們的行動就是我們的在彼之存有(Being-there)。論述行動理論要求要以詮釋的時間與敘事原則，表達此行動的完整的意義。這一種論述詮釋行動理論是一種新的當代悲劇論，我們所將表現出來的是一種淨化與轉變，這一種行動理論並非一般的言行與舉動的原則，它是一種表述為何有新的轉折的原則，論述行動理論是一種詩學與存有學之下的行動理論。我們認為在人類處理行動研究的時候，應專門針對時間與敘事，論述與書寫出此論述，文本與脈絡三重的特點逐一地點明，此一過程對所有研究行動的理論而言，將提供出一種新的詩學的行動意義，當人們行動時，唯有依據論述詮釋的行動，是深具詩學式的發現轉折式的行動理論，我們期待人們的行動在真實的論述之後，才充分地發動，而非僅依據經驗與疑慮地行動，這一種論述行動理論，應可帶給我們對整體的詮釋學的文本脈絡與時間敘事的真實但又平凡的哲學實踐。

關鍵字

敘事 ； 行動 ； 論述 ； 邏各斯 ； 說出

並列摘要

In the paper, we will use the philosophical approach from Martin Heidegger, the concept of logos as the key point to proceed the research on the relation between narrative action and discourse. And we will apply this result on the research about the kind of action between the duo relation from contemporary Hermeneutic theory.
Martin Heidegger leads contemporary German Hermeneutics toward Being and Time, he uses the concept of logos as the starting point to interpret discourse. From logos, people identify and manifest clearly what is a thing talking about. In this paper, we will apply this thought on how exactly a discourse is the starting point of an action.
We will have 5 parts:
1. Discourse as the beginning of an action;
2. The relation between saying a discourse and the construction of a history;
3. Befindlichkeit as the place where a person to be felt to be found: a kind of presenting of discourse and action on Befindlichkeit
4. Time in the interpretive action of discourse as a role of emplotment;
5. The process from discourse to narrative.
In the contemporary development about this research may also be linked to Jacques Derrida's idea on grammatology. He uses written being to deal with the difference of discourse. We believe that the theory of action on Hermeneutics may follow this link. Action is a new possibility of the discourse of language. After we find the new possibility on what a thing means for now, our action may proceed to be a Being to be there. The interpretive action of discourse requests the new principle on both time and narrative. And we will get a new clarification and change after we narrate our discourse about something. The kind of theory of action is a kind of theory between Poetics and Ontology. We believe that when human beings deal with the research of action, they should focus on time and narrative; discourse and writing out this discourse; and text and context: the three folds orders. From this process, the theory of action will provide a kind of meaning on poetic action. This action of discourse is always with the color of being interpretive. And it may bring to us the contextuality of texts on time and narrative, and through whole Hermeneutic approach to practice the purpose of searching truth and unique.

並列關鍵字

Narrative ； Action ； Discourse ； Logos ； Saying

參考文獻

Martin Heidegger,J. Macquarrie (translated),E. Robinson(1962).Being and Time.New York:Harper & Row.

Jrgen Habermas,Thomas McCarthy(translated)(1987).The Theory of Communicative Action.Boston:Beacon Press.

Jurgen Habermas,Ciaran P. Cronin (translated)(1993).Justification and Application.Cambridge, Massachusetts:MIT.

Saint Augustine(1998).Confessions.New York:Oxford University Press.

Paul Ricoeur(1983).Time and Narrative.Chicago:University of Chicago Press.