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在儒學與宗教之間:論“以人象天”之哲學意涵

Between Confucianism and Religion: On the Philosophical Meaning of "Ren" (人) as a Symbolism of Heaven"

摘要


歷來對「儒學」與「宗教」的關連性之探討,已從探問儒學是否為宗教轉向為儒家所言之宗教性為何的探索。本文將以唐君毅、牟宗三、杜維明、成中英、劉述先、史華慈(Benjamin I. Schwartz)與芬格萊特(Herbert Fingarette)等七位學者觀念為基礎出發,根據《易經》之背景建構一探討儒學之宗教性的方法論,並提出四個與哲學人類學相關的研究方向,即(1)以「天」的文字符號源自於「人」(聖人)的解釋方向的字源學論證,(2)區分「天」一字之「發生」與「應用」兩者區別的方法論,(3)「以人象天」的哲學人類學式之情境分析,以及(4)「天在人先」與「以人象天」兩觀念差異的評析。透過此四種研究方向探討儒學宗教性關鍵觀念-「天」的內涵,希望能在方法論的改變中,透過儒學與宗教兩範疇的互動,扣緊「以人象天」的哲學意涵,對儒學之宗教性再次提出看法,以重構儒學道德之基礎。

並列摘要


The inquiry on the connection between ”Confucianism” and ”Religion” has transformed from ”whether Confucianism is a religion” to ”what's the religious aspect of Confucianism.” Based on the ideas of seven scholars-Tang Jun-yi, Mo Zong-san, Tu Wei-ming, Cheng Zhong-ying, Liu, Shu-hsien, Benjamin Ⅰ. Schwartz and Herbert Fingarette-along with the background of Yi Jing, this article is to construct a methodology to inquire the religiousness of Confucianism. Besides, it also proposes four approaches that are related to philosophical anthropology: first, the etymological reasoning of how the word sign of ”Tian” (heaven) originated from ”Ren” (man, sage); second, the methodology to distinguish the ”occurrence” from the ”application” of the word, ”Tian; third, the contextual analysis of ”Yi Ren Shiang Tian” in the style of philosophical anthropology; and fourth, the commentary on the differences between the two concepts-”Tian Zan Ren Shian” and ”Yi Ren Shiang Tian.” Through these four approaches, we study the key concept of the religiousness of Confucianism-the meaning of ”Tian”-in whishes to express again our ideas about the religiousness of Confucianism and re-construct the moral foundation of Confucianism.

參考文獻


王四達(2006)。宗教性的常態與變態:一個解讀儒學的新視角。哲學研究。5
安樂哲、郝大維(2002)。《中庸》新論:哲學與宗教性的詮釋。中國哲學史。3
成中英。儒家宗教思想研究。北京:中華書局。
牟宗三(1990)。中國哲學的特質。台北:台灣學生書局。
杜維明(1999)。論儒學的宗教性:對〈中庸〉的現代詮釋。武漢:武漢大學出版社。

被引用紀錄


陳維浩(2013)。董仲舒天論研究〔博士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2013.02094
蔡孟孜(2012)。《天龍八部》代表人物性行研究──以「天、龍」象徵作為詮釋界限〔碩士論文,國立臺灣師範大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0021-1610201315264728

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