朱熹與莊學

Ju Xi and Zhuang Zi's Doctrine

曾春海(Chun-Hai Tseng)

《哲學與文化》 38卷6期 (2011/06) Pp. 109-124

https://doi.org/10.7065/MRPC.201106.0109

摘要

本文採取朱熹如何入乎莊學內，得其精神風貌以及再出乎其外，予莊學理學立場的批判，且又從莊學中吸取可建構朱子理學體系之哲學資源來究明朱子的理學與莊子道家思想之外緣與內在理路之諸般關係。文中指出朱子在身陷政事俗務之煩瑣而感到厭煩時，內心嚮往莊子的超塵脫俗之閒適。此外，朱子形上學中的「道」與「理」之相互關係，借鏡於莊子〈齊物論〉「道通為一」之「道」與萬物「分殊之理」之相互關係，形成朱子「理一分殊」的形上原理。朱子對莊子論道體之觀點非常欣賞，也肯定莊子的才華和較老子平易的、天真的的生命氣質。但是朱子不滿於莊子不拘格套的行文方式，缺乏細密的人生實踐工夫，思想孤高而不隨俗。

關鍵字

朱熹 ； 莊學 ； 生命情調 ； 天理 ； 道體 ； 知行合 ； 虛實 ； 理一分殊 ； 氣

並列摘要

This paper addresses how Ju Xi delved into Zhuang Zi's doctrine, acquired Zhuang's spirit and features and then transcended his doctrine, criticized the doctrine from the position of the doctrine of li, and absorbed from Zhuang's doctrine the philosophical resources to construct Ju's system of the doctrine of li. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the outward and inward relationships between Ju Xi's doctrine of Ii and Zhuang Zi's taoist thought. It's pointed here that Ju aspired for Zhuang's transcendental easiness when he was tired of political and secular affairs. Moreover, the interrelationship between ”tao” and ”li” in Ju's metaphysics was inspired by the interrelationship between ”the way of tao makes all into one” and ”the principle of differentiation” from ”All Things Equal,” Zhuang Zi. Ju Xi admired Zhuang Zi's perspective on tao as reality and approved Zhuang's talents along with his life temperament that was easier and more naïve than Lao Zi's. But Ju was not so happy about Zhuang's free writing style, not so delicate practice of life, and his sublime and un-conformist thought.

並列關鍵字

Ju Xi ； Zhuang Zi's Doctrine ； Life Perspective ； Principle of Heaven ； Tao as Reality ； Unity of Theory and Practice ； Emptiness and Substance ； Differentiation of Li ； Qi

參考文獻

朱熹(1996)。朱熹集。成都:四川教育出版社。

朱熹(2002)。朱文公文集。上海:上海古籍出版社。

朱熹(2002)。朱子語類。上海:上海古籍出版社。

朱熹編(1978)。河南程氏遺書。臺北:臺北商務出版社。

呂思勉(1984)。隋唐五代史。上海:上海古籍出版社。