朱子釋孟理論預設分析

當代西方詮釋學（Hermeneutics），曾經提出對傳統文本的理解須能提供一種「前理解」（Pre-understanding）檢視要求，希望古典文本的現代研究者能透過對原初作者的前理解或理論預設分析，以使當代讀者對傳統文獻的理解更為深刻；本文即在此觀點下，試圖探討朱熹詮釋孟子文本的理論預設。同時，朱子孟學研究亦本有其哲學史上的重要性，不但涉及當時朱陸之爭，同時也承接明清以來「扣緊孟學反省宋明理學」的思潮；當代學者亦承續了此一研究方向，觀察朱熹對心理情等概念彼此關係的理論預設，再從中分析其中所預設的體系性架構。本文將分析朱熹的理氣二分、體用結構、主智重知，以及以性為道德根源等等朱子釋孟時的理論預設，以深入理解朱子釋孟之精神。

關鍵字

心統性情；性之本；理氣；四端；朱子；孟子

並列摘要

Contemporary western Hermeneutics once suggested that any understanding about traditional texts was meant to provide a kind of pre-understanding, III wishes that modem students could, through pre-understanding and the analysis of theoretical presumptions about the authors, enable contemporary readers to have more profound understanding about traditional documents. From this perspective, this article is attempted to inquire Ju Xi's theoretical presumptions for his interpretation of Mencius's texts. In the mean time, Ju Xi's study on Mencius is historically significant, which not only involved the debate between Ju Xi and Lu Jiu-yuan but also carried on the philosophical trend of ”relating to Mencius and reflecting on the Sung-Ming Neo-Confucianism” in the Ming and Qing Dynasty. On the other hand, contemporary scholars also inherit such an orientation in research, observing Ju's theoretical presumptions about the relationships between such concepts as mind, principle and emotion, and then analyzing the presumed systematic framework. Here we would analyze Ju's theoretical presumptions for his interpretation of Mencius - such as differentiation between li and qi, structure in practice, emphasis on intellect and knowledge and nature as the origin of morality-to understand deeply the spirit of Ju Xi's interpretation of Mencius.