天主教與儒家「孝悌」觀之比較－以瑪竇福音與郭店竹簡為例

A Comparative Study between Catholic and Confucian Concepts of "Filial Piety"-Informed by Gospel of Mathew and Guo Dian Bamboo Slips

張永超(Yong-Chao Zhang)

《哲學與文化》 40卷11期 (2013/11) Pp. 145-159

摘要

天主教視域下之孝悌觀具體表現為通過對「父母」的非血緣界定得以展開，遵循天主之意旨的才是父母兄弟，因此最大的誡命是敬愛天主，而孝敬父母則處於「愛近人」範圍；對於「家人為仇敵」、「父子起刀劍」之說法正是此種由「血緣」而「天理」，由「身份」而「契約」的轉變，基於天主之聖愛，對於父母孝愛的新價值原則得以確立。對於儒家來說，父母指的是基於血緣的生身父母並由此確立父母子女人情關係，這裡沒有超越性神聖天主層面，沒有身份到契約到轉變，因此孝悌觀具體表現為對血緣父母兄弟之敬愛，並且認為這便是天理自然之表現，天理基於人情並通過人情表現出來。儒家百年來之危機或可以通過借鑑天主教之具有神聖性的契約倫理以超越血緣親情的世俗倫理，確立新的價值原則，而尋得出路。

關鍵字

聖愛 ； 孝愛 ； 血緣 ； 契約

並列摘要

From the Catholic perspective, the practical expression of filial piety evolves through the non-consanguineous definition of ”parents.” Only those who follow the will of the Lord are family members. Therefore, the supreme commandment is to love the Lord, and filial piety falls under the category of ”loving your neighbor as yourself.” This is a transformation of the consanguineous and identity-related concept of filial piety. The new value principle of filial piety is established based on the love of the Lord. From the Confucian perspective, the term of ”parent” refers to the consanguineous parents, since it is consanguinity that establishes filial relationships. Involving neither transcendental/divine dimensions nor transformation of identity-associated relationships, filial piety is expressed through loving your consanguine parents and siblings and seeing such love as the manifestation of the laws of nature. Perhaps the crisis Confucianism has been confronted with for the past century could be resolved by establishing new value principle through turning to the divine ethics of Catholics and transcending the secular ethics of blood relationships.

並列關鍵字

Divine Love ； Filial Love ； Consanguinity ； Contract

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