心理主義與邏輯主義的糾結－對胡塞爾與馮特之間相關爭論的思想史重審

The Entanglement of Psychologism and Logicism-To Review the Intellectual History of the Relevant Disputations between E. Husserl and W. Wundt

倪梁康(Liang-Kang Ni)

《哲學與文化》 41卷6期 (2014/06) Pp. 37-60

摘要

胡塞爾與馮特二十世紀初有一段思想交往，其中包含胡塞爾對馮特的心理主義批評和馮特對胡塞爾的邏輯主義的批評，以及胡塞爾的未發表的反批評。這段思想交往以及對心理主義與邏輯主義的關係問題的討論影響了胡塞爾早期的思想發展。馮特在相關問題上的思考與表態，逼迫胡塞爾對自己當時的立場做出更為清晰的說明，以及對自己思想在心理學與邏輯學之間的位置做出更為明確的標定。從總體上說，胡塞爾與馮特之間雖然表面上相互有所爭執，並且相互有所抵禦，但無形中也有相互影響以及相互推動。就胡塞爾而言，他已經開始更多地考慮和強調現象學方法的直觀性，以避免在形而上學、經院哲學、本體主義和柏拉圖主義方面的指責。而在馮特這方面，雖然他並未見到胡塞爾對他〈心理主義與邏輯主義〉長文的反應，但胡塞爾在《邏輯研究》中對其心理主義立場及其相對主義結論的指責對他顯然是有所觸動的。因此，他在批評胡塞爾將心理學加以邏輯學化的邏輯主義趨向的同時，自己也有意無意地開始放棄將邏輯學加以心理學化的心理主義趨向。

關鍵字

胡塞爾 ； 馮特 ； 心理主義 ； 邏輯主義 ； 現象學

並列摘要

E. Husserl had a commerce of ideas with W. Wundt in the early 20th century, including the criticism of Husserl to the psychologism of Wundt, the criticism of Wundt to the logicism of Husserl and the unpublished counter-criticism of Husserl. The commerce of ideas and the discussion on the relation of psychologism and logicism affected the early development of thought of Husserl. Wundt’s thinking and declaration on relevant issues forced Husserl to make his stand at that time more clear, and to indicate more explicitly the position of his thought between psychology and logic. In general, Husserl and Wundt virtually affected and promoted each other despite the seeming disputations and resistance between them. On the part of Husserl, he began to consider and stress more the intuition of phenomenological method in order to avoid the criticisms on metaphysic, Scholasticism, ontology and Platonism. And on the part of Wundt, it is obvious that he was somewhat stirred by the criticism on his position of psychologism and his conclusion of relativism of Husserl in his Logical Investigation, although he did not see the reaction of Husserl to his long article of ＂Psychologism and Logicism＂. Therefore, he criticized the tendency of logicism of Husserl that makes psychology logical, and at the same time he himself deliberately or unintentionally began to abandon the tendency of psychologism that makes logic psychological.

並列關鍵字

E. Husserl ； W. Wundt ； Psychologism ； Logicism ； Phenomenology

參考文獻

Husserl, Edmund,Holenstein, Elmar(Hrsg.)(1975).Logische Untersuchungen. Erster Band: Prolegomena zur reinen Logik.Den Haag:

Husserl, Edmund,Nenon, Thomas(Hrsg.),Sepp, Hans Rainer(Hrsg.)(1987).Aufsätze und Vorträge (1911-1921).Den Haag:

Husserl, Edmund,Schuhmann, Elisabeth(Hrsg.),Schuhmann, Karl(Hrsg.)(1994).Husserliana-Dokumente.Den Haag:

Husserl, E(2002).Logische Untersuchungen. Ergänzungsband.Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Wundt, Wilhelm. Logik. Eine Untersuchung der Prinzipien der Erkenntnis und der Methoden wissenschaftlicher Forschung. I. Band, Erkenntnislehre, 2. Auflage, Stuttgart, 1893.