《黃帝四經》陰陽觀對《管子》「定靜」工夫形成之影響

The Influence of Yin/Yang in ＂Huangdi Sijing＂ on the ＂Guanzi＂ of Stability and Tranquility Skill

黃崇修(Chung-Hsiu Huang)

《哲學與文化》 42卷10期 (2015/10) Pp. 97-115

摘要

《黃帝四經》乃1973年於長沙馬王堆三號漢墓出土的戰國時期文獻。由於其被置於《老子》乙本卷前，且由《經法》、《十大經》、《稱》、《道原》等四種古佚書所組成，所以才有所謂《黃帝四經》這個慣用稱呼的產生。本文主要以此出土文獻作為文本，針對其中出現的陰陽思想作一爬梳，以廓清其論述特質及時代傳承關係。根據筆者粗略的整理，《黃帝四經》中「陰陽」並論之處約有43次之多，可知陰陽思想在本書中佔有相當重要的地位，也就是說，本書可視為戰國時期陰陽家理論開展的重要源頭。因此，吾人如何在此重要的陰陽思想出現之際，捕捉到早期陰陽家如何運用《老子》思想於當時的社會政治問題，這是一個很重要的研究線索。鑑此，本文首先將就《黃帝四經》之陰陽理論作一簡單之鋪展，尤其《稱》篇中對陰陽思想之專論，其對於吾人了解《黃帝四經》以陰陽詮釋守雌不爭的工夫義涵，實佔有舉足輕重之地位。當然除了《稱》篇之外，《十大經》之敘述內容亦與《稱》有相呼應之處，筆者主要藉由此兩篇之研究，從而描繪出《黃帝四經》對《管子》「定靜」工夫形成之基本輪廓及其中飽含之哲學論述特質。

關鍵字

陰陽 ； 雌節 ； 定靜 ； 內靜外敬 ； 《黃帝四經》

並列摘要

＂Huangdi Sijing＂ (literally: ＂The Yellow Emperor's Four Canons＂) are manuscripts of the Warring States period. They were unearthed from Tomb 3 of Mawangdui near Changsha in 1973. Since these manuscripts are not only arranged before Version B of ＂Laozi＂ but also assembled by ＂ling Fa＂, ＂Shi Da ling＂, ＂Cheng＂, and ＂Dao Yuan＂, scholars then give these four ancient lost books the conventional title of ＂Huangdi Sijing＂. In this paper, these 1973 manuscripts will be used to analyze the ideology of yin/yang and further discuss how certain qualities are passed on. Roughly speaking, yin and yang appear together for about forty-three times in ＂Huangdi Sijing＂. It is clear that the idea of yin/yang plays a key part in those texts. In other words, these manuscripts could be considered as an important source for the development of yin/yang during the Warring States period. Hence, to study how the early yin/yang philosophers applied beliefs in ＂Laozi＂ to address political issues at the dawn of yin/yang theory could be significant for future research. This paper will begin with an introduction to the theory of yin/yang in ＂Huangdi Sijing＂. Special attention will be paid to ＂Cheng＂ since its elaboration on yin/yang offers great insight to the principle of ＂retaining gentleness, no fighting＂. In addition, the content of ＂Shi Da ling＂ also corresponds to the ideas advocated in ＂Cheng＂. Based on these two texts, I would like to point out how ＂Huangdi Sijing＂ influences the fundamental principle of ＂reaching equanimity＂ and its philosophic qualities for future development.

並列關鍵字

Yin/Yang ； Retaining Gentleness ； Stability and Tranquility Skill ； Be Respectful Outward and Have Peace Within ； ＂Huangdi Sijing＂

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