《黃帝內經》氣化宇宙觀的“全息”思維

The Idea of "Quan-Xi" as Part of the Doctrine of Qi in Huang Di Nei Jing

李韶堯(Shao-Yao Lee)

《哲學與文化》 34卷10期 (2007/10) Pp. 161-180

https://doi.org/10.7065/MRPC.200710.0161

摘要

兩漢時期，籠罩在宇宙觀架構的認知氣圍中，儒家由心性論轉化為「天人相應」的問題，道家的主張也轉化為黃老學說的型態。《黃帝內經》即在如此學術背景下，綜合前人醫療、養生等方面的理論與實踐成果，並以當時的黃老學說釋物的方法建構其理論體系。《黃帝內經》傳承了中國古代氣化宇會觀，在天人感應思維的基礎上，透過「取象類比」方式建構人與自然的對應關係，確立「人與天地相參，與日月相應」的哲學思維命題，就是把人體和自然界在醫學的辯證論治上融合為一有機整體。《內經》的這種有機整體觀，正吻合了近代在中、西方相繼被提出的「全息」概念。由於當代全息原理被提出並受到廣乏的討論及重視，再一次喚醒我們注意到兩千年前老祖先在《內經》中所展現的智慧。中國古代的氣化宇宙觀不僅內化為中國人的傳統意識結構，而且外化為建構宇宙生命理論的基礎。氣化宇宙觀所建構的理論體系，在中國傳統的哲學、醫學的方法論中都擔任了重要角色；說歷史的角度來說，它們當然具有存在的價值與功能。然而，由於氣化宇宙觀受到本質限制因素，其應用的方式和範圍也絕非無所限度。

關鍵字

全息 ； 取象類比 ； 思維模型 ； 天人合一 ； 氣

並列摘要

The Han Dynasties was engulfed in the epistemological atmosphere of the cosmological framework, while Confucianism turned from the doctrine of mind and human nature to the question of the correspondence between the heaven and people, and Taoist claims were transformed into the doctrine of Huang-Lao. Against such a background, Huang Di Nei Jing compiled the results of the ancient theories and practice about medicine and regimen, constructing its theoretical framework based on the doctrine of Huang-Lao. Carrying on the cosmology of Qi of the ancient China, Huang Di Nei Jing constructed the corresponding relationships between people and nature based on the correspondence between the heaven and people through the method of image-establishing analogy, fusing human bodies and the nature into one organic unity in the medical dialects. And such an organic unity in Huang Di Nei Jing corresponded exactly to the idea of ”quan-xi,” which has been proposed by both Chinese and western scholars. Since the contemporary rationale of ”quan-xi” is brought up and widely discussed and stressed, we are reminded again of our forefathers' wisdom as displayed in Huang Di Nei Jing. The ancient Chinese cosmology of Qi has been not only internalized as part of the traditional consciousness of Chinese people but also externalized as the foundation on which to construct the cosmology of life. The theoretical framework built up by the cosmology of qi has played an important role in both Chinese traditional philosophy and medical methodology. In terms of history, they do possess the existential value and function. Yet, limited by its own nature, the application of the cosmology of qi is not unlimited in terms of manners and range.

並列關鍵字

Quan-Xi ； Image-Establishing Analogy ； Thinking Mode ； The Heaven and People are Combined as One ； Qi