在宗教與神學裡的人－呂格爾的人觀

Man in Religion and Theology: Ricoeur's Conception of Man

孫雲平(Yun-Ping SUN)

《哲學與文化》 44卷7期 (2017/07) Pp. 25-43

摘要

從呂格爾（Paul Ricoeur, 1913-2005）的主要著作－其中包括《自由與自然》（Freedom and Nature: The Voluntary and the Involuntary, 1950）、《歷史與真理》（History and Truth, 1955）、《會犯錯的人：罪惡的現象學，卷一》（Fallible Man. Phenomenology of Sin, Vol.1, 1960）、《惡之象徵：罪惡的現象學，卷二》（The Symbolism of Evil, Phenomenology of Sin, Vol.2, 1960）、《詮釋的衝突》（The Conflict of Interpretations: Essays in Hermeneutics, 1969）、《隱喻的規則》（The Rule of Metaphor, 1975）、《聖經詮釋論文集》（Essays on Biblical Interpretation, 1980）、《時間與敘事》（Time and Narrative, Vol.1-3, 1983-85）、《從文本到行動》（From Text to Action. Essays in Hermeneutics, II, 1986）、《自我宛若他者》（Oneself as Another ,1990）、《記憶、歷史、遺忘》（Memory, History, Forgetting, 2000）、……－即可看出，呂格爾的思想深受其信仰的影響。以其廣泛的閱讀包括：心理分析、神話學、哲學、社會學、文學、歷史、語言學……，再以現象學及敘事詮釋學思維貫串統整之。將其一生所探究的問題集結起來觀之，其關注的問題可說都是傳統意義下之神學或宗教之人的圖像（image of man）的問題。呂格爾的思想彷彿呼應康德哲學之三問的總結問題：「什麼是人？」不僅止於提出疑問，甚至嘗試著尋找解答，呂格爾哲學中的「人」可被視為「在宗教與神學中的人」。呂格爾企圖以多層面、多角度的哲學思維來再思傳統神學與宗教中人的各種問題。本文嘗試以「在宗教與神學裡的人」來統合說明呂格爾的哲學。

關鍵字

呂格爾 ； 哲學人類學 ； 行動 ； 敘事的自我 ； 他者

並列摘要

From Ricoeur's main works, which include Freedom and Nature: The Voluntary and the Involuntary (1950), History and Truth (1955), Fallible Man. Phenomenology of Sin, Vol.1 (1960), The Symbolism of Evil, Phenomenology of Sin, Vol.2 (1960), The Conflict of Interpretations: Essays in Hermeneutics (1969), The Rule of Metaphor (1975), Essays on Biblical Interpretation (1980), Time and Narrative, Vol.1-3 (1983-85), From Text to Action. Essays in Hermeneutics, II. (1986), Oneself as Another (1990), Memory, History, Forgetting (2000), etc., one would know that Ricoeur's thought was profoundly affected by his faith. With his broad reading which includes psychoanalysis, mythology, philosophy, sociology, literature, history, linguistics, he integrated all of them by phenomenology and narrative hermeneutics. Regarding the problems which he investigated all the life, the question with which he was concerned is the image of man in the sense of traditional theology or religion. Ricoeur's thought seems to resonate Kant's knotting question of the other three ones, namely, ＂What is man?＂ Not only questioning, he but also tried to find the answer, so that ＂humanity＂ in Ricoeur's philosophy might be understood as ＂man in religion and theology＂. Ricoeur attempts to rethink the matters of human being by a multi-faceted and diverse-perspective philosophizing. This essay endeavors to explicate Ricoeur's philosophy as a whole in terms of ＂man in religion and theology＂.

並列關鍵字

Ricoeur ； Philosophical Anthropology ； Action ； Narrative Self ； Others

參考文獻

Ricoeur, Paul,Kohak, Erazim(Trans.)(1966).Freedom and Nature: The Voluntary and the Involuntary.Evanston:Northwestern University Press.

Ricoeur, Paul,Kelbley, Charles A.(Trans.)(1965).History and Truth.Evanston:Northwestern University Press.

Ricoeur, Paul,Kelbley, Charles A.(rev. Trans.)(1986).Fallible Man.New York:Fordham University Press.

Ricoeur, Paul,Buchanan, Emerson(Trans.)(1967).The Symbolism of Evil.New York:Harper and Row.

Ricoeur, Paul,Ihde, Don(ed.),Domingo, Willis(trans.)(1974).The Conflict of Interpretations: Essays in Hermeneutics.Evanston:Northwestern University Press.