進化與倫理：梁啟超的人道觀念及其張力

Evolution and Ethics：The Tension Structures of Liang Qichao's Understanding of Humanity

符鵬(Peng FU)

《哲學與文化》 45卷3期 (2018/03) Pp. 161-175

摘要

梁啟超人道觀念的形成，受到嚴復和康有為兩人不同價值向度的進化論思想的影響。他對兩者都經歷了從崇信到懷疑的歷史過程。一方面，梁啟超以前者的社會達爾文主義觀念為中介，充分接納西方功利主義的人性論，形成「倫理政治經濟學」的人道觀；另一方面，他在揚棄後者「三世進化」的人道主張的同時，充分領悟其溝通「真樂」與「俗樂」的問題意識。這種變化包含的道德張力，以1902年的思想轉變為節點，形成其分別以儒學和佛學應對真俗兩難的道德二元論訴求。

關鍵字

進化 ； 人道 ； 功利主義 ； 公德 ； 私德

並列摘要

The formation of Liang Qichao's understanding of humanity, was impacted by Yan Fu and Kang Youwei who introduced the thought of evolution to modern Chinese differently. But his belief in their assertion of evolution came under question subsequently. On one side, by the medium of Yan Fu's social Darwinism, Liang Qichao accepted western utilitarianism, based on which he brought forward his own understanding of humanity called ＂Ethics-Political Economy＂. On the other side, Liang Qichao sublated Kang Youwei's ideas of humanity called ＂sanshi jinhua＂ (三世進化). At the same time, he grasped the problem consciousness of his teacher that how to link up with ＂zhenle＂ (真樂) and ＂sule＂ (俗樂). The moral tension among these intellectual changes marked a turning point in 1902. Based on the comprehension during this time, Liang Qichao started to find out a special project of moral dualism that is making use of Confucianism and Buddhism to resolve the dilemma between ＂zhen＂ (真) and ＂su＂ (俗).

並列關鍵字

Evolution ； Humanity ； Utilitarianism ； Social Virtue ； Private Virtue

參考文獻

張品興編(1999)。梁啟超全集。北京:北京出版社。

姜義華編校、張榮華編校(2007)。康有為全集。北京:中國人民大學出版社。

王栻編(1986)。嚴復集。北京:中華書局。

孫應祥編、皮後鋒編(2004)。嚴復集補編。福州:福建人民出版社。

清戴震(2009)。戴震集。上海:上海古籍出版社。