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「愛的秩序」與「心的邏輯」-從奧古斯丁、巴斯卡到舍勒的「西方心學」疏論

"Ordo Amoris" and "Logique du Coeur": Discussions and Annotations of "Western Theories of Mind" from Augustine, Pascal to Scheler

摘要


奥古斯丁在其《上帝之城》中提出「愛的秩序」的思想。這一概念不僅在奥古斯丁思想中扮演著重要角色,也開啟了西方心學(特別聚焦於倫理學)的傳統。理解奥古斯丁的「愛的秩序」概念,一方面要分梳其對於「愛」的不同理解,另一方面也需放置到他的倫理思想的總體背景中。巴斯卡在其《思想錄》中特別強調了「心的秩序」、「心的邏輯」的思想。在一定意義上接續了奥古斯丁所開啟的西方心學傳統。舍勒的「愛的秩序」學說主動接續了奥古斯丁、巴斯卡以來的西方心學傳統,而且幾無爭議地被視為舍勒最為核心的理論之一。在一定意義上可以說,東西方的心學儘管有著極大的思想背景與問題脈絡的殊異,但「人同此心、心同此理」,它們也有著相近似的思想關切和問題展開。

並列摘要


In his The City of God, Augustine presented the thought of ordo amoris. This concept played a significant role in Augustine's thought, but it also opened the tradition of Western theory of mind (particularly ethics). To understand Augustine's concept of ordo amoris, we should tease out his different understandings of amoris on the one hand, and put it in the overall setting of his ethical thought on the other. In his Pensees, Pascal put particular stress on the thoughts of ordre du coeur and logique du coeur. In a certain sense, he continued the tradition of Western theory of mind initiated by Augustine. Scheler's theory of Ordo Amoris, furthermore, actively continued the tradition as such since Augustine and Pascal, and was considered, to all intents and purposes, as one of the kernel theories of Scheler. To a certain extent, so to speak, albeit there are tremendous differences between Western and Eastern theories of mind at the levels of thought background and vein of problem, due to the fact that "People have common mind, and minds have common reason", they have similar concerns of thought.

參考文獻


阿倫特,《愛與聖奧古斯丁》,王寅麗、池偉添譯,桂林:灕江出版社,2019。
奥古斯丁,《上帝之城:駁異教徒》,吳飛譯,上海:三聯書店,2007-2009。
奥古斯丁,《天主之城》,吳宗文譯,長春:吉林出版集團公司,2010。
奥古斯丁,《上帝之城》,王曉朝譯,北京:人民出版社,2006。
奥古斯丁,《《創世紀》字疏》(上),石敏敏譯,北京:中國社會科學出版社,2018。

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