重建客觀真理路徑：王夫之理欲觀再思考

How to Restructure the Rule of Ethics: Rethinking on Wang Fushi's View of Ethics and Desire

簡慧貞(Hui-chen CHEIN)

《哲學與文化》 49卷3期 (2022/03) Pp. 165-177

摘要

「存天理滅人欲」是程朱理學道德行為判準亦是德性養成之工夫實踐之處，朱熹承繼程頤將天理與人欲視為矛盾對立的關係。王夫之身處於明末清初鼎革之際從經世致用的角度，試圖修正天理人欲之間的緊張關係，肯定人民共同欲求民生之事的重要，否定的是不顧公眾利益而獲得的私利私欲。從朱熹到王夫之對於天理人欲關係認知的不同，歸結於兩者對於何謂客觀真理以及如何建立客觀真理有不同的論述。本篇文章試圖從瞭解朱熹與王夫之對天理人欲論述脈絡進而了解兩者對於建構客觀真理的路徑之差異，進而對於王夫之所著重之道德實踐面向有更深刻的理解。

關鍵字

理欲觀 ； 朱熹 ； 王夫之

並列摘要

In CHENG & ZHU's Neo-Confucianism, the ＂Removing Human Desire and Preserving Ethics＂ is the standards of moral behavior. CHENG & ZHU both consider that Ethics and Human Desire are contradictory relations. But Wang Fushi try to construct New theory that want to balance the Ethics and Human Desire. In Wang Fushi's theory we have to value human' desire, because only understand what is common human' desire can we find the rule of Ethic. The core different views between Zhu Xi and Wang Fushi are ＂what is real rule of Ethics＂ and ＂how to structure the rule of Ethic＂. This article try to compare the thought of Zhu Xi and Wang Fushi, and rethinking the purpose of Wang Fushi's view of Ethics and Desire.

並列關鍵字

View of Ethics and Desire ； Zhu Xi ； Wang Fushi

參考文獻

《禮記》，胡平生、張萌譯注，北京：中華書局，2017。

宋．張載，《張載集》，北京：中華書局，1985。

宋．程顥、程頤，《二程集》，北京：中華書局，1981。

宋．朱熹，《朱子全書》，上海：上海古籍出版社，2002。

明．王夫之，《船山全書》，船山全書編輯委員會編校，長沙：嶽麓書社，1996。