論梁漱溟的「周孔教化」說及其意義

Liang Shuming's Theory of ＂Zhou's and Confucius's Moralization＂ and Its Significance

孫忠厚(Zhonghou SUN)

《哲學與文化》 49卷5期 (2022/05) Pp. 181-194

摘要

梁漱溟的「周孔教化」說既受到五四新文化運動以來科學主義思潮的影響，又含有回應康有為等的孔教觀的意味。「周孔教化」說有雙重意蘊。歷史維度上，「周孔教化」淵源於原始宗教文化，周公制禮作樂，開其端；孔子紹述禮樂以闡發常道，促其成；後世以孔子為宗師的儒家是「周孔教化」的延續。邏輯維度上，周公制作的禮樂與孔子闡發的仁道具有內在統一性。梁漱溟從界定宗教概念出發，認為「周孔教化」不是宗教。在「周孔教化」與佛教、基督教的具體比較中，梁漱溟揭示了「周孔教化」安慰勖勉人生的效用。梁漱溟的「周孔教化」說之於科學主義思潮，表現出既迎合又反撥的複雜態度；而「周孔教化」說之於儒家宗教性問題展開而言，具有啟示方向的重要意義。

關鍵字

梁漱溟 ； 「周孔教化」 ； 宗教

並列摘要

Liang Shuming's theory of ＂Zhou's and Confucius's moralization＂ is influenced by the scientism trend since the May Fourth New Culture Movement. The theory also contains the meaning of responding to the movement of confucianism. The theory of ＂Zhou's and Confucius's moralization＂ has dual meaning. Historically, ＂Zhou's and Confucius's moralization＂ originated from primitive religious culture. Zhou Gong was a pioneering figure in making rituals and musics; Confucius explained rituals and musics to illustrate the common way (Ren). Logically, the rituals and musics made by Zhou Gong have an inherent unity with the benevolence (Ren) elucidated by Confucius. Based on the analysis of the concept of religion, Liang Shuming believes that ＂Zhou's and Confucius's moralization＂ is not a religion. He also revealed the ＂religiosity＂ of ＂Zhou's and Confucius's moralization＂ in cultural comparison. Liang Shuming's theory of ＂Zhou's and Confucius's moralization＂ shows a complicated attitude with respect to scientism, which is of great significance to the study of Confucian religiosity.

並列關鍵字

Liang Shuming ； ＂Zhou's and Confucius's Moralization＂ ； Religion

參考文獻

梁漱溟，《東西文化及其哲學》，《梁漱溟全集》第一卷，濟南：山東人民出版社，1989。

梁漱溟，《中國文化要義》，《梁漱溟全集》第三卷，濟南：山東人民出版社，1989。

梁漱溟，《人心與人生》，《梁漱溟全集》第三卷，濟南：山東人民出版社，1989。

梁漱溟，《中國——理性之國》，《梁漱溟全集》第四卷，濟南：山東人民出版社，1991。

梁漱溟，《我們當前的民族問題》，《梁漱溟全集》第五卷，濟南：山東人民出版社，1992。