梅洛龐蒂論生物學提示下的動物性

Merleau-Ponty's Animality Hint by Ecology

林靜秀(Ching-Hsiu LIN)

《哲學與文化》 50卷6期 (2023/06) Pp. 149-163

摘要

人生存在世界中會發展主客不分的領域，為了確立此一原初領域，需探究自然這個我們生存仰賴的生活根基，以及我們在自然生活中發展的動物性向度。梅洛龐蒂為了避免以哲學傳統的理智思考課題，選擇以科學領域從自下而上探討，因此他屬意現代生物學，他不是以科學為化約為決定論法則，而是以科學喚起我們對世界的體驗，生物學研究指出生物能和所處的物質環境發展互動關係，這樣能讓梅洛龐蒂發展哲學生態學，說明有機體在環境中發展具體化的連結。後期他在生物符號學獲得提示發展肉身本體論，動物行為作為自然部分可以視為互惠溝通的符號、象徵，不再是生物內在的表達，而是意義互惠交換的溝通過程，以互為肉體性系統開啟周遭世界的開放性。

關鍵字

梅洛龐蒂 ； 哲學生態學 ； 象徵主義 ； 動物性

並列摘要

Merleau-Ponty finds that we live in the universe, there is a primary field between subject and object. To pursue the primary ground, we need to discuss the issue of Nature. Nature is the ground we rely on to live in the world. Following, we live in Nature, and open a dimension of animality in our life. To avoid thinking in the philosophical tradition, Merleau-Ponty hopes science could offer us a way from the bottom to the top. He finds that modern ecology suggests science doesn't reduce to the rule of determinism but evokes our experience about the world. The biology research reveals that all living creatures could have a reciprocal relationship with their physical environment. It's enough for Merleau-Ponty to construct his philosophical ecology, to explain organism has embodied bond with its environment. In his later stage, he finds the biosemiotics could be the hint of his flesh ontology. The behavior of the animal could be part of Nature, and be the sign or symbol which is reciprocal communication. It doesn't express the inside of the creature but is the reciprocal process of the signification exchange. Serving as the system of inter-corporeity, it opens the field of the openness of the Umwelt.

並列關鍵字

Merleau-Ponty ； Philosophical Ecology ； Symbolism ； Animality

參考文獻

Alloa, Emmanuel. Resistance of the Sensible World: An introduction to Merleau-Ponty. Trans. by Jane Marie Todd. N. Y.: Fordham University Press, 2017.

Churchill, Scott. “Nature and animality,” in Key Concepts in Merleu-Ponty. Durham, U.K.: Atumen Press, 2008.

Fisher, Sally. “Social Ecology and the Flesh: Merleau-Ponty, Irigaray, and Ecocommunitarian Politics,” in Merleau-Ponty and Enivronmental Philosophy. Alabny, N. Y.: State University of New Yrok Press, 2007.

Harney, Maurita. “Merleau-Ponty, Ecology, and Biosemiotics,” in Merleau-Ponty and Environmental Philosophy. Ed. by Suzanne L. Cataldi and William S. Hamrick. Albany, N. Y.: State University of New York Press, 2007.

Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. The Phenomenology of Perception. Trans. by Colin Smith. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1962.