政治巨變與企業因應：上海商業儲蓄銀行遷臺與復業的曲折發展（1950－1965）

The Response of Enterprises to Drastic Political Change: the Complex Story of Shanghai Commercial and Savings Bank Relocating to Taiwan and Resuming Operations (1950-1965)

陳鴻明(Hong-ming Chen)

《國史館館刊》 60期 (2019/06) Pp. 89-91+93-138

摘要

1949年國共兩岸分治，中國企業面臨政治抉擇，思考何去何從。學界對於1950年代中國大陸的工商業改造以及遷至香港的企業發展，研究甚豐；對於選擇遷臺的企業，則尚未有較深入的分析。本文擬以上海商業儲蓄銀行為例，探討選擇遷臺的企業究竟基於何種考量，中華民國政府又是如何看待？上海商業儲蓄銀行1915年由陳光甫籌辦，是第一家從中國大陸遷臺復業的民營商業銀行，曾為中國「南三行」之一，亦是唯一持續經營至今者。該行於1950年改組香港分行，並向港府註冊；1954年在臺設總管理處，1965年在臺正式復業，過程甚為曲折艱辛。在此過程中，政府與企業各有考量，一方面中華民國政府需要能助益國家經濟的企業，另一方面企業需要能提供穩定發展環境的政府。上海商銀的遷臺與復業，不僅顯示1950年代國共糾葛下企業艱難的因應過程，亦提供當時在冷戰格局下受到美國與世界資本主義體系影響的一個案例。同時，更足以反映出1949年以前政府與企業間的複雜關係，亦延續至1949年後中華民國政府治理下的臺灣。

關鍵字

上海商業儲蓄銀行 ； 陳光甫 ； 公私合營 ； 蔣介石 ； 嚴家淦

並列摘要

When the Republic of China (ROC) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) reached a stalemate across the Taiwan Strait in 1949, business enterprises in China were faced with a dilemma. Much research has been done concerning the transformation of industry and commerce in Mainland China during the 1950s, and the development of enterprises which moved from Mainland China to Hong Kong. However, there is little research on the enterprises relocating to Taiwan during that period. This case study of Shanghai Commercial and Savings Bank (SCSB) tries to find out why did some enterprises in China relocate to Taiwan, and how did the ROC government treat those enterprises. The SCSB, which was founded by Kwang-Pu Chen in 1915, had been the most successful private bank in China. It was the first private commercial bank moving to Taiwan after 1949, and today the bank has been established for more 100 years. The Hong Kong Branch of SCSB was reorganized and incorporated in Hong Kong in 1950; the Head Office of SCSB was relocated to Taiwan in 1954 and officially resumed operations in 1965. This was a complex and difficult journey for the SCSB. In the process, the state and the enterprise had different considerations. While the ROC government urged the enterprises to help strengthen national economy, the enterprises hoped that the government could provide a stable environment for business growth. This study of the SCSB's relocation and resumption of operations in Taiwan reveals that business enterprises endured enormous hardships in the ROC-PRC entanglement during the 1950s, and that their experiences were influenced by American and global capitalism in the context of the Cold War. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the complex relationship between the ROC government and business enterprises before 1949 continued to exist in Taiwan after 1949.

並列關鍵字

Shanghai Commercial and Savings Bank ； Chen Kwang-pu ； public-private partnership ； Chiang Kai-shek ； Yen Chia-kan

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