尿路結石之成因與流行病學

Pathogenesis and Epidemiology of Urolithiasis

何淑貞(Shu-Chen Ho) ； 郭漢崇(Hann-Chorng Kuo)

《慈濟醫學雜誌》 14卷6期 (2002/12) Pp. 337-346

https://doi.org/10.6440/TZUCMJ.200212.0337

摘要

尿路結石為泌尿系統疾病中最常見的疾病之一。根據中央健康保險局以往統計資料顯示，關於尿路結石之醫療耗費甚巨。過去國外許多的研究均指出，尿路結石盛行率會因地理環境的不同而有所差異，且體內尿路結石的形成原因相當，一般可將導致體內尿路結石形成之危險因子分成內在及外在因子，前者意指性別、年齡及遺傳，後者則包括有地理分佈、氣候、季節、飲食、水份攝取、排尿習慣及職業等。國內外許多研究亦顯示，個人生活習慣與尿路結石罹病危險性有顯著之相關性，其中包含了飲用水水質、每日水份攝取量、飲食型態及家族遺傳等。無論內在或外在因子，主要均與尿液中溶解態晶體之濃度變化有直接或間接之關聯性，而尿液中溶解態晶體的濃度變化會直接地影響到體內尿路結石形成與否。就預防醫學而言，建議不論是尿路結石患者或未罹患尿路結石疾病之健康者，應養成良好的飲水及飲食習慣以預防尿路結石發生及再復發。

關鍵字

尿路結石 ； 飲食型態 ； 飲用水水質 ； 水份攝取 ； 家族遺傳

並列摘要

Urolithiasis is a common disease of the urinary system. Previous data published by Central Hygiene Supervisor Organization indicates that the medical cost of urolithiasis is tremendous. According to previous reports, the prevalence rate of urolithiasis is geographically dependent and the causation mechanism of urolithiasis is multifactorial. The risk factors of urolithiasos can be divided into internal and external. The internal factors include sex, age and heredity. Geographic distribution, weather, season, dietary habits, the quality of drinking water, level of fluid intake, urination habit and occupation have been suggested as external risk factors for urolithiasis. Based on current research reports, the quality of drinking water , daily fluid intake, dietary habits and heredity are the most important risk determinants for urolithiasis. These factors can directly or indirectly change the consistency of the fusion crystal. The consistency of fusion crystal further affects the development of urolithiasis. In order to prevent primart or recurrent urolithiasis, patients should be strongly recommended to maintain good drinking and dietary habits.

並列關鍵字

Urolithiasis ； dietary habits ； quality of drinking water ； fluid intake ； heredity