「境」之聚落空間形構研究：以福建閩東地區之個案為例

「境」是本土文化中特殊的社會空間現象，在臺閩地區的漢人傳統聚落中存在已久。在過往的研究中，以「境」做為研究的客體已被廣泛地運用於各學術領域，但卻少有將其當作研究的主體，並探討其聚落空間形構。本文企圖以傳統聚中的「境」為研究對象，進一步探究「境」的聚落空間形構。首先從中華傳統文化的詞源學切入，討論「境」的語源及變遷的過程中所蘊含之空間概念，並結合地域信仰的文化現象，解析民間信仰中所認知的「境」之聚落空間。其次，藉由整理以往有關「境」的歷史與類型研究，歸納「境」的不同形成原因，並實地於福建閩東地區進行田野調查探究其形構上的差異，探討其空間形塑之現象與模式。歸納「境」的聚落空間形構法則包括：（一）基於文化意蘊基礎上的客觀環境與主觀心境之融合；（二）民間信仰的空間認知所構築，是世俗、神聖空間，及其二者相互疊加轉化；（三）由上而下權力意志之行政空間契合，以及由下至上民間社會關係之整合；（四）社會關係結構的異同，形成聚落空間組團的分化與聚合。

關鍵字

境；聚落；文化意涵；空間形構

並列摘要

Ching serves as a socio-spatial phenomenon that specifically occurs in the local culture, and is one lasting in the Han community between the Taiwan and Fujian areas. First, the study aims to discuss the word ching underlying the spatial concept in the evolving historical transitions from the perspective of Chinese etymology. Also, the regional belief of the cultural phenomena would be fused to analyze the settlement space under the ching discourse of local beliefs. Second, through analyzing the literature related to ching history and topology, the paper proposes different causes of ching, and undertakes fieldwork to investigate the morphological differences and probe the phenomena and models of social formation. The existing settlement that goes with the ching concept will be examined as a case study in order to conclude the settlement formula of social formation: (1) the fusion between the objective environment and the subjective mentality under the cultural foundation; (2) the spatial cognition of the folk beliefs fused by layers of secular and sacred spaces; (3) the top-down power of the administrative space and the bottom-up folk social relations; (4) the similarity and difference of social structure that form the divergence and convergence of the settlement spatial groupings.