921集集地震建築物災損空間特性解析

地震的不可預測增添災害致命性，建築物的傾斜、毀損、坍塌為主要的災害損失。過去有關地震減災之土地管理，常以斷層距離為管制要因。然而影響地震災害損失要因涉及建築結構、使用型態、土地條件等多項因子。本文以921集集地震事件經驗為研究案例，關注於二個構面解析建築物災損空間特性：「建築物毀損率與斷層帶的距離關係」與「地震風險區受災建築物特性」。首先，應用單因子變異數分析方法探究建築物毀損率與斷層帶的距離關係，進一步應用數量化理論II類分析進行建築物毀損影響因素的分類。研究結果顯示，斷層兩側45公尺內之毀損與45公尺外之毀損確實存在差異，以及當建築物歸屬於「建築年代1（民國63年以前）」、「位於上盤」時，其所受到的地震衝擊較為顯著，以及斷層兩側45公尺距離內，地質環境特性如鄰山、鄰河顯著影響建築物的受損情形。本文進一步參考他國地震管理作為進行土地管理綜合比較分析，研究發現期供後續探究地震風險地區土地規劃管理推動面與操作面等研究之參考。

關鍵字

建築物毀損率；地震風險區；數量化理論II類分析

並列摘要

Earthquake is an unpredictable disaster and fatalness. The building damage and collapse are the major loss during the earthquake disaster. Past studies have proposed land use regulation along the fault to mitigate earthquake disaster. However, there are other factors result in building damage including building structure, land use type and geographic location etc. Therefore, this paper applies Chi-Chi Earthquake as the case study to explore ＂the relationship between building damage ratio and the distance from the fault＂ and ＂building features in earthquake risk area＂. First of all, this paper applies one-way analysis of variance to explore the building damage ratio under various distances from the fault line. Furthermore, quantification theory type II is then applied to categorize the building damage factors. The results show that there is a significant building damage difference on the distance of 45 meters. And buildings built before 1974 and located on upper fault are suffered much serious damage. In addition, the geologic features such as river and cliff might have impact on building damage. In the end, this study conducts comparative analysis on land use managements among other countries suffering similar earthquake risk. Overall, the results might be referred to future studies on land use plan and land use management in earthquake risk areas.