中國的經濟改革：市場社會主義下的雙層雙重經濟體制

中國經濟改革的特殊之處在於轉型的過程中保留了相當程度的國有企業，同時也開放和逐步健全了混合所有制的財產制度，也就是柯爾奈(Jáanos Kornai)所謂的「雙重經濟體制」。除此之外，中國在國有企業的改革內容裡，更建立了國有企業本身的雙執制，也就是以市場機制和計畫經濟同時調節國有企業的運作。兩個層次的雙重經濟體制（雙層雙重經濟體制：two levels of dual economic institutions）同時運作，一方面透過保留下來的國有企業可以穩定改革帶來的衝擊，一方面透過和有化健全的過程可以追求改革所欲提高的市場生產效率。雙層雙重經濟體制運作的最主要邏輯，在於國家在經濟轉型過程中始終保持主導的地位，透過兩種體制的建立，政府意圖在穩定中尋求經濟的成長。

關鍵字

市場社會主義；混合所有制；雙重經濟；雙層雙重經濟體制

並列摘要

The economic reform in China led by Deng was to form an economy based on a marketed socialist economy system. Yet the system cannot guarantee the success of the reform. In regards to the specific character of the economic reform in China, János Komai suggests the so-called ”dual economic systems.” During the transition period, China not only retains the state-run enterprises to some extent, but also improves the mixed-ownership system openly and gradually. Moreover, it also establishes the two levels of dual economic institutions, which adjust the operation of the state-run enterprises by the market system and the planned economy. In doing so, the retained state-run enterprises can reduce the impact of the reform, while the private ones can seek for a higher efficiency of the market productivity. The major logic concerning the two levels of dual economic institutions lies on the state's dominant position during the transition period. The intention of the government is to look for a stable economic growth through the establishment of the dual systems. This article will focus on the logic of the two levels of dual economic institutions as well as the state role in the new institutions. I will also discuss the influence of the two levels of dual economic institutions on the economic reform.