來知德哲學思想研究

An Investigation of the Philosophy of Lai Zhide

鍾彩鈞(Tsai-Chun Chung)

《中國文哲研究集刊》 24期 (2004/03) Pp. 217-251

https://doi.org/10.6351/BICLP.200403.0217

摘要

本文從人生態度、理學關聯與《易經》哲學三個方面研究來知德的哲學思想。在人生態度上，來氏有聖賢之志，畢生隱居著述，而有不朽的願望。在理學關聯上，來氏的特色在於以格物為格去物欲，以及以明德為行五倫而有得。在《易經》哲學上，來氏最大特色是區別出自然秩序與人理的不同，以及聖人心易之說。在這些問題皆加探討之後，可以看到這些不同的項目朝著一個同樣的方向展開，就是逐漸離開宋明理學自然人文連續性的思維，強調人生超越自然的價值。在這?，我們可以嗅到清代的思想的新氣息。

關鍵字

周易 ； 理學 ； 明代思想 ； 漢代思想 ； 來知德

並列摘要

This article investigates the philosophy of Lai Zhide from three aspects: his life commitment, his relationship to Neo-Confuciani sm, and his understanding of the Yijing. Throughout his lifetime Lai Zhide strove to become a sage and was devoted to writing in seclusion with the wish of attaining spiritual immortality. Concerning Neo-Confucian ideas, he suggested that gewu means extinction of desires, and that mingde is the acquisition of virtue in the practice of human relationships. His major contribution to the studies of Yijing was his elucidation of the difference between the natural order and human principle. He also proposed that the mind of the sage embodies the whole of the Yijing. The author of this study sees that all this points in the same direction; that Lai Zhide gradually broke the continuity, established in the Song school, between the natural and human worlds, and that he raised human values above natural ones. In these respects he may be regarded as one of the precursors of Qing thought.

並列關鍵字

Yijing ； Neo-Confucianism ； Ming thought ； Qing though

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