山川原委，皆可案圖以稽－清聖祖考辨〈禹貢〉山川示例

On the Kangxi huangyu quanlantu: How Emperor Kangxi Used the ＂Yu Gong＂ Chapter of the Shangshu for Purposes of Self-glorification

簡承禾(CHIEN Cheng-ho)

《中國文哲研究集刊》 59期 (2021/09) Pp. 107-156

摘要

本文主要分為兩方面處理清聖祖考辨〈禹貢〉的問題。（1）聖祖藉由〈皇輿全覽圖〉詳論〈禹貢〉山川名號，故本文比對聖祖的言論與〈皇輿全覽圖〉，逐一梳理其所指的黃河之源、長江之源及黑水、三危。（2）指出聖祖考論〈禹貢〉的意義，在彰顯其畢生文治武功，有實踐大一統及遠紹上古聖王的心理。而且此心理，持續在清高宗及士人身上發酵。《尚書》是帝王政治之書，〈禹貢〉更寓有大一統的意義。但是西域邊陲之地，是歷代政權所不及處。清聖祖積極經營域外，最後繪入〈皇輿全覽圖〉，因而能按圖索驥，詳論彼雖載之〈禹貢〉，卻無法實際控有的河流發源處。本文之撰寫，揭示帝王討論經學，有強烈的現實感，並且具有企圖心，非僅是案上考索。

關鍵字

清聖祖 ； 大一統 ； 〈禹貢〉 ； 〈皇輿全覽圖〉

並列摘要

This paper considers Emperor Kangxi's discussion of the ＂Yu Gong＂ chapter of the Shangshu from two points of view. First, it notes that in Kangxi's famous atlas, the Kangxi huangyu quanlantu, there is some discussion of the mountains and rivers mentioned in the ＂Yu Gong＂ chapter. Similar discussions are also found in other works by Kangxi. The paper provides a careful comparison of Kangxi's observations on the origins of the Yellow and Yangtze rivers, as well his remarks on the Amur river and the Sanwei mountain, with what we find in the ＂Yu Gong＂ chapter. Second, from the preceding discussion, this paper concludes that Kangxi was interested not so much in cartography and the study of ancient texts, as in emphasizing his own great personal achievements. Indeed, for him, the study of the past was a means of self-glorification. He emphasizes that under him, the Qing dynasty was able to accomplish what no other dynasty was able to do-gain control over all the territories mentioned in the ＂Yu Gong.＂ This attitude would have an influence on Emperor Qianlong and on later literati.

並列關鍵字

Kangxi ； grand unification ； ＂Yu Gong＂ ； the Kangxi huangyu quanlantu

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