海運公司之複合快速運送營運策略分析

本研究以解析性方法分析海運公司提供複合快速運送方案之成本與市場。於需求面考慮貨主貨物價值、運送時間等因素，以運輸成本與存貨成本最小為目標，構建貨主選擇運送方案模式。在供給面，則考慮海運公司營運船舶、貨櫃流量、運送距離等因素，構建海運公司提供不同運送方案之營運策略規劃模式。並在內陸運送階段，以內陸轉運成本及存貨成本總和最小為原則，構建內陸載運組合規劃式。進一步，並在供需互動架構下，以最大利潤為目標，求解營運策略規劃模式。範例研究結果顯示，海運公司提供複合快速運送的方案較適用於遠洋航線，且當託運貨物價值愈高時，貨主較傾向以快速運送方案託運。而當航線貨運市場中，高時間價值貨種的貨櫃量占總貨櫃量的比率愈高時，海運公司提供複合快速運送的市場利基愈大，可訂定的海運差別定價愈高。另外當貨種價值愈低、目的地愈靠近鐵路場站，迄點港口的內陸運送階段，則愈宜以鐵路運送方式轉運貨物。本研究可提供海運公司因應市場狀況，研擬快速運送營運策略的可行性，以同時提升貨主與海運公司在市場上之競爭優勢。

關鍵字

海運公司；貨種價值；運送營運策略；複合快速運送

並列摘要

This study developed models on analyzing operating strategies, costs and market segments for intermodal express and standard shippings provided by a marine carrier. On the demand side, the shipping alternative choice model assumed shippers with different demand characteristics choose the alternative with the least transportation and inventory costs between intermodal express and standard shipping services. On the supply side, the study considered container size, speed, service frequency, and the shipping distance to construct a shipping operating strategy model by maximizing the carrier's profits. The inland transshipment model assumed the marine carrier chooses the alternative with the least inland transportation and inventory costs between rails and trucks for shippers. Furthermore, the demand-supply interactions between marine carriers and shippers are analyzed by integrating the above submodels. The results showed that intermodal express services are suitable for long-distance shipping lines and shippers shipping high-value freights tend to select the express shipping service. The sensitivity analysis shows that the express shipping service will be more necessary when the average value of shipping freight in the market increases. In addition, the railroad transshipment will increase when the value of shipments decreases or the shipping destination is close to railroad terminal. The results of the study showed how marine carriers can set up intermodal express operating strategies in response to different market structures so as to markedly cut down the costs of both carriers and shippers and enhance competitiveness.