INCORPORATING CUSTOM INSPECTION TIME INTO A ROUTE SELECTION MODEL FOR TIME-SENSITIVE FREIGHT ACROSS THE TAIWAN STRAIT

兩岸物流輸配送路徑選擇規劃模式

陳正杰(Cheng-Chieh Chen) ； 馮正民(Cheng-Min Feng) ； 郭千郁(Chien-Yu Kuo)

《運輸計劃季刊》 49卷4期 (2020/12) Pp. 315-334

摘要

Starting from 'Mini-Three-Links' in 2001,'Three-Direct-Links' in 2008, and the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) signed in 2012, Taiwan has experienced a deeper economic engagement with China. Although the 'Mini-Three-Links' has been often unilaterally restricted, the total trading amounts across the Taiwan Strait in 2018 still rank first among all countries and regions trading with Taiwan. In order to assist freight forwarders quantifying and optimizing the route selection decision, the study starts from a typical transportation network modeling approach and then considers the objectives of jointly minimizing the total system costs and time based on different custom inspection time settings. A nonlinear time-dependent function with a penalty function is formulated to reflect the characteristics of time-sensitive freight and to avoid significantly exceeding the maximum allowable delivery time, while also considering the custom clearance and quality inspection processes within the studied network. Findings show that custom clearance and quality inspection time of cargos do affect the system performance, especially for terminals near the Quanzhou area. In addition, political issues and/or COVID-19 impacts on the 'Mini-Three-Links' closures are analyzed, to provide alternative path plans for targeted freight forwarders in Taiwan.

關鍵字

Logistics across the Taiwan Strait ； Mini-Three- Links ； Routes Selection

並列摘要

兩岸歷經小三通、大三通陸續開放，2012年起更進一步簽訂海峽兩岸經濟合作架構協議（ECFA），經貿交流更為密切，惟小三通航運市場時常受外在因素高度影響，經營管理不易。本研究透過資料蒐集與專家訪談，考量不同運具與路徑的運輸時間、成本，以及不同海關的平均清關時間，建立兩岸物流路徑選擇之決策支援模式，依據不同情境與實例分析驗證模式可行性與應用性。研究結果發現起始地和目的地之運輸距離與時間、以及通關效率是主要影響兩岸輸配送路徑選擇因素，尤其兩岸通關環境與效率又深受當權者改變與法規增修影響。以廣州沿岸附近港口為例，雖然擁有離台灣較近的運輸距離，但冗長的通關時間往往影響貨運承攬業者選擇為轉運場站之意願。此外，過往小三通雖然通關效率較高，但近年來因政治或肺炎疫情因素時而封關。本研究亦探討其他可能替選路徑，作為業者未來執行業務之參考依據。

並列關鍵字

兩岸物流 ； 小三通 ； 路徑選擇

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