臺灣空屋資源浪費與利用初探

A Preliminary Study on the Waste of Resource and Utilization of Vacant Housing in Taiwan

李瑞麟(Li Jui-lin) ； 陳蓓如(Chen Pei-ju)

《都市與計劃》 20卷1期 (1993/04) Pp. 23-42

摘要

臺灣有六十八萬戶空屋，另方面卻有三十萬戶與別人合住，形成一個矛盾現象。既有這麼多空屋，政府卻還計劃去建新國宅，另一個矛盾。政府必須發行巨額公債來彌補赤字預算，卻要去建多餘的新國宅，第三個矛盾。本文假設空屋可供人住，政府也不必另建新國宅，進而減少預算赤字。分析的結果証明假設成立。臺灣空屋近六十萬戶位在都市地區，是可加利用的。閒置空屋總值逾兩兆二千億元，為中央政府八十一年總預算的2.2倍。呼籲政府善用值兩兆二千億元的空屋並節省六年國建計畫住宅建設經費。政府數十年來的住宅政策是「住者有其屋」，解決中低收入戶的住的問題，是定義模糊的口號。建議改為「住者適其屋」的政策，幫助低收入戶租屋住，協助中低收入戶在市場上購成屋。從「持有面」、「移轉面」、及「使用面」來評估，應提高住宅尤其是非自用住宅的地價稅與房屋稅，促使屋主釋出多餘空屋，並抑制新增空屋。

關鍵字

臺灣空屋 ； 超高空屋率 ； 空屋資源的浪費 ； 住宅政策與計劃 ； 六年國建預算赤字 ； 土地稅制 ； 空屋的利用

並列摘要

There are 680,000 vacant housing units in Taiwan, on the other hand, there are300,000 households living with other families. This is a conflicting phenomenon. Thesecond conflicting phenomenon is: there are so many vacant housing units, and the government plans to build many more new public housing. The third conflicting phenomenon is: the government must sell huge amount of treasury bond to cover the budget deficit, on the other hand, the government plans to build unnecessary public housing. This article hypothesizes that the vacant housing can be decreased. The hypothese is proved to be true after the analysis. There are approximately 600,000 vacant housing units located in urbanized areas which may be utilized by needed families. The vacant housing values more than 2.2 trillion N.T.dollars, which is 2.2 times as large as the total budget of the central govenment in 1992. For decades, the Chinese Government's housing policy is ”every family owns his own house and help middle-and lower-income households solve their housing need”. However, the limited public housing built by the government have only helped the govenment employees and a very small number of middle-in-come families. This paper suggests that a new policy of ”every family lives in a decent housing unit” Which means the government provides the low-income families with housing voucher to rent housing units and helps the middle lower-income families to buy housing units from the housing markets. Evaluated from ”holding”,”transfer”,and”use”three aspects, in order to encourage owners to release their vacant housing, and to discourage the increase of new vacant housing, the land value tax and housing tax, particularly those not occupied by the owners, should be increased.

並列關鍵字

Vacant housing in Taiwan ； exccesive high vacant housing rate ； the waste of vacant housing ； housing policy and plan ； budget deficit of the six-year National Development Plan ； land tax system ； utilization of