住戶逃避鄰避設施之自我防衛支出－以垃圾處理場為實証對象

Self-Protection Expenditures of Avoiding NIMBYs: The Case of Sanitary Landfills

曾明遜(Ming-Hsun Tseng) ； 謝潮儀(Chao-I Hsieh)

《都市與計劃》 22卷2期 (1995/06) Pp. 217-233

摘要

鄰避設施的設置，經常由附近社區居民承擔地方外部成本，而遠離此外部成本的社區居民卻享受此類設施提供的效益。本文的目的即利用特徵價格方法來估計此類設施所產生的外部成本，並納入損害風險的不確定性，而以福德坑衛生掩埋場與安康焚化爐兩種不同型態為個案研究，其外部成本以住戶自我防衛支出來衡量。我們採用行政院主計處民國七十年至七十七年的資料做測試，統計結果顯示(1)不同垃圾處理處場型態有不同自我防衛支出，福德坑衛生掩場在長期情況大於安康焚化爐，短期情況則小於安康焚化爐。(2)不同營運年期亦有不同自我防衛支出，福德坑衛生掩場其長期大於短期，而在安康焚化爐則短期大於長期。(3)每遠離垃圾處理場一百公尺，平均邊際自我防衛支出每坪約在二百元至一仟六百元之間，而呈遞減的現象。

關鍵字

鄰避設施 ； 地方外部成本 ； 特徵價格 ； 不確定 ； 自我防衛支出

並列摘要

For a site of NIMBYs (Not in My Backyard) facilities, such as sanitary landfills, the host community frequently incurs localized externalities costs while other communities receive the benefits. The purpose of this paper is to apply hedonic price approach to estimate the externalities costs, measured by self-protection expenditures of avoiding living near sanitary landfills, under conditions of uncertainly where is from damages occurring in this type of facility. In this paper, we take AN KANG and FWU DER KENG, the two variant types of sanitary landfills, as case examples. Applying housing datum in 1981-1988 from Surveys conducted by Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, the statistical analysis shows (1) different types have different self-protection expenditures. FWU DER KENG is larger than AN KANG in the long-run and smaller in the short-run. (2) different operating years also have different self-protection expenditures. Long-run is larger than short-run in FWU DER KENG and short-run is larger than long-run in AN KANG. (3) Under the conditon that 100 meter is moved outward, the average level of marginal self-protction expenditures is between $200 to $1600 per 'ping' (Japanese measurement) and is decreasing with the distance from the sanitary landfills.

並列關鍵字

NIMBYs ； localized externalities costs ； hedonic price ； uncertainty ； self-protection expenditures